Intra-amygdala microinjection of TNF-α impairs the auditory fear conditioning of rats via glutamate toxicity. (February 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Jing, He; Hao, Yongxin; Bi, Qiang; Zhang, Jiaozhen; Yang, Pingting
• Is Part Of: Neuroscience research. Volume 91(2015:Feb.)
• Page Start: 34
• Page End: 40
• Publication Date: 2015-02
• Subjects: TNF-α -- Fear conditioning -- Amygdala -- Glutamate -- NMDAR; Neurosciences -- Research -- Periodicals; Neurosciences -- Research -- Japan -- Periodicals; Neurology -- Periodicals; Neurosciences -- Periodicals; Neurosciences -- Recherche -- Périodiques; Neurosciences -- Recherche -- Japon -- Périodiques; Neurosciences -- Research; Japan; Periodicals; 612.8
• DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2014.10.015
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0168-0102

Abstract

Highlights: Intra-amygdala infusion of TNF-α impaired the behaviors of auditory fear conditioning. TNF-α induced neurotoxicity via excessive glutamate release. NMDA receptor antagonist can reserve the impairments induced by TNF-α. Abstract: During an inflammatory or infectious process, innate immune cells produce large amount of pro-inflammatory cytokines that act on the brain to cause cognitive dysfunctions. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is one of the main pro-inflammatory cytokines. Thus, it is important to study how the excessive TNF-α affects the cognitive functions of central nervous system and possible antagonists to its effects. In the present study, we conducted behavioral experiments of rats to determine whether murine TNF-α administered directly into the brain would elicit behavioral effects related to learning and memory impairments. Rats subjected to single-dose intra-amygdala TNF-α infusion showed a significant delay in the acquisition and extinction of auditory fear conditioning. Accordingly, the glutamate level of the tissue samples from amygdala was elevated after the TNF-α treatment. Furthermore, pharmacological blockade of NMDAR before the TNF-α treatment reversed the TNF-α induced impairments in fear learning. Our findings suggest that TNF-α can impair the learning and memory functions through glutamate–NMDAR neurotoxicity, and present the possibility to develop therapeutic modalities directing at glutamate transmission for the treatment of neuro-inflammative dysfunctions.