Will implementation of green gas into the gas supply be feasible in the future?. (15th February 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Bekkering, J.; Hengeveld, E.J.; van Gemert, W.J.T.; Broekhuis, A.A.
• Is Part Of: Applied energy. Volume 140(2015:Feb. 15)
• Page Start: 409
• Page End: 417
• Publication Date: 2015-02-15
• Subjects: Biogas -- Green gas -- Supply chain -- Optimization -- Energy efficiency -- Greenhouse gas reduction; Power (Mechanics) -- Periodicals; Energy conservation -- Periodicals; Energy conversion -- Periodicals; 621.042
• DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.11.071
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0306-2619

Abstract

Highlights: The relation between energy efficiency, greenhouse gas reduction and cost price of a green gas supply chain was analyzed. Opportunities for improving a green gas supply chain were evaluated. Fossil and renewable energy resources are made explicit in energy efficiency definition. Switching to green electricity is the major contributor to improving the energy efficiency and greenhouse gas reduction. Abstract: The energy efficiency, greenhouse gas reduction and cost price of a green gas supply chain were evaluated. The considered supply chain is based on co-digestion of dairy cattle manure and maize, biogas upgrading and injection into a distribution gas grid. A reference scenario was defined which reflects the current state of practice, assuming that input energy is from fossil origin. Possible improvements of this reference scenario were investigated. For this analysis two new definitions for energy input–output ratio were introduced; one based on input of primary energy from all origin, and one related to energy from fossil origin only. The influence of the improvements on greenhouse gas reduction and cost price was assessed too. Results show that electricity (from fossil origin) is the major contributor to energy input in the reference scenario. Switching to green electricity significantly improves the energy efficiency (both definitions) and greenhouse gas reduction. Preventing methane leakage during digestion and upgrading, and re-using heat within the supply chain also show improvements on these parameters as well as on cost price, although their influence is smaller. Decreasing the share of energy crops in the substrate mix shows a negative effect. It is shown that greenhouse gas reduction of more than 80% is possible with current technology. To meet this high sustainability level, multiple improvement options will have to be implemented in the green gas supply chain. Doing so will result in a modest decrease of the green gas cost price.