Frailty has a stronger association with inflammation than age in older veterans. Issue 1 (December 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Van Epps, P.; Oswald, D.; Higgins, P.; Hornick, T.; Aung, H.; Banks, R.; Wilson, B.; Burant, C.; Graventstein, S.; Canaday, D.
• Is Part Of: Immunity & ageing. Volume 13:Issue 1(2016)
• Page Start: 1
• Page End: 9
• Publication Date: 2016-12
• Subjects: Inflammatory index -- Cytokines -- Functional decline and coagulation; Aging -- Immunological aspects -- Periodicals; 618.97079
• DOI: 10.1186/s12979-016-0082-z
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1742-4933

Abstract

Abstract Background Upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines has not only been associated with increased morbidity and mortality in older adults but also has been linked to frailty. In the current study we aimed to compare the relative relationship of age and frailty on inflammation and thrombosis in older veterans. Results We analyzed 117 subjects (age range 62–95 years; median 81) divided into 3 cohorts: non-frail, pre-frail and frail based on the Fried phenotype of frailty. Serum inflammatory markers were determined using commercially available ELISA kits. Frail and pre-frail (PF) subjects had higher levels than non-frail (NF) subjects of IL-6 (NF vs. PF:p = 0.002; NF vs. F:p < 0.001), TNFR1 (NF vs. F:p = 0.012), TNFRII (NF vs. F: 0.002; NF vs. PF:p = 0.005) and inflammatory index: = 0.333*log(IL-6) + 0.666*log(sTNFR1) (NF vs. F:p = 0.009; NF vs. PF:p < 0.001). Frailty status explained a greater percent of variability in markers of inflammation than age: IL-6 (12 % vs. 0.3 %), TNFR1 (5 % vs. 4 %), TNFR2 (11 % vs. 6 %), inflammatory index (16 % vs. 8 %). Aging was significantly associated with higher fibrinogen (p = 0.04) and D-dimer levels (p = 0.01) but only among NF subjects. Conclusion In conclusion, these data suggest that among older veterans, frailty status has a stronger association with inflammation and the inflammatory index than age does. Larger studies, in more diverse populations are needed to confirm these findings.