The beneficial role of proteolysis in skeletal muscle growth and stress adaptation. Issue 1 (December 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Bell, Ryan; Al-Khalaf, Mohammad; Megeney, Lynn
• Is Part Of: Skeletal muscle. Volume 6:Issue 1(2016)
• Page Start: 1
• Page End: 13
• Publication Date: 2016-12
• Subjects: Proteolysis -- Proteasome -- Autophagy -- Caspase -- Muscle growth -- Muscle cell differentiation; Musculoskeletal system -- Periodicals; 612.7
• DOI: 10.1186/s13395-016-0086-6
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2044-5040

Abstract

Abstract Muscle atrophy derived from excessive proteolysis is a hallmark of numerous disease conditions. Accordingly, the negative consequences of skeletal muscle protein breakdown often overshadow the critical nature of proteolytic systems in maintaining normal cellular function. Here, we discuss the major cellular proteolysis machinery—the ubiquitin/proteosome system, the autophagy/lysosomal system, and caspase-mediated protein cleavage—and the critical role of these protein machines in establishing and preserving muscle health. We examine how ordered degradation modifies (1) the spatiotemporal expression of myogenic regulatory factors during myoblast differentiation, (2) membrane fusion during myotube formation, (3) sarcomere remodeling and muscle growth following physical stress, and (4) energy homeostasis during nutrient deprivation. Finally, we review the origin and etiology of a number of myopathies and how these devastating conditions arise from inborn errors in proteolysis.