New Insights into Microglia–Neuron Interactions: A Neuron's Perspective. (1st May 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Pósfai, Balázs; Cserép, Csaba; Orsolits, Barbara; Dénes, Ádám
• Is Part Of: Neuroscience. Volume 405(2019)
• Page Start: 103
• Page End: 117
• Publication Date: 2019-05-01
• Subjects: BBB blood–brain barrier -- BDNF brain derived neurotrophic factor -- C1q complement component 1q -- CD200 cluster of differentiation 200 -- CD200R CD200 receptor -- CSF1 colony stimulating factor 1 -- CSF1R CSF1 receptor -- CX3CL1 C-X3-C-motif chemokine ligand 1 (aka fractalkine) -- CX3CR1 C-X3-C-motif chemokine receptor 1 -- DAP12 DNAX activating protein of 12 kDa -- IL-1β interleukin 1 beta -- IL-34 interleukin 34 -- Kv7/M M-type potassium channel -- PD Parkinson's disease -- SDF1 stromal cell-derived factor-1 -- TGFβ1 transforming growth factor beta 1 -- TGFbR2 TGFβ receptor 2 -- TNF-α tumor necrosis factor alpha -- TREM2 triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 -- TrkB tropomyosin receptor kinase B; microglia -- neuron -- physiological role -- inflammation -- brain disease; Neurochemistry -- Periodicals; Neurophysiology -- Periodicals; Neurology -- Periodicals; Neurochimie -- Périodiques; Neurophysiologie -- Périodiques; Neurochemistry; Neurophysiology; Electronic journals; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 612.8
• DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.04.046
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0306-4522

Abstract

Highlights: This review summarizes the mechanisms of microglia–neuron interactions considering recent data. Microglia emerge as multifunctional cells in the CNS with roles extending beyond immune-related processes. Interactions between microglia, neurons and other cells contribute to normal brain development and homeostasis. Malfunction of microglia is linked to major human diseases. Some important research objectives and considerations for future microglia research have also been outlined. Abstract: Microglia are the primary immune cells of the central nervous system. However, recent data indicate that microglia also contribute to diverse physiological and pathophysiological processes that extend beyond immune-related functions and there is a growing interest to understand the mechanisms through which microglia interact with other cells in the brain. In particular, the molecular processes that contribute to microglia–neuron communication in the healthy brain and their role in common brain diseases have been intensively studied during the last decade. In line with this, fate-mapping studies, genetic models and novel pharmacological approaches have revealed the origin of microglial progenitors, demonstrated the role of self-maintaining microglial populations during brain development or in adulthood, and identified the unexpectedly long lifespan of microglia that may profoundly change our view about senescence and age-related human diseases. Despite the exponentially increasing knowledge about microglia, the role of these cells in health and disease is still extremely controversial and the precise molecular targets for intervention are not well defined. This is in part due to the lack of microglia-specific manipulation approaches until very recently and to the high level of complexity of the interactions between microglia and other cells in the brain that occur at different temporal and spatial scales. In this review, we briefly summarize the known physiological roles of microglia–neuron interactions in brain homeostasis and attempt to outline some major directions and challenges of future microglia research.