Brain Response to Injuries: When Microglia Go Sexist. (1st May 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Rahimian, Reza; Cordeau, Pierre; Kriz, Jasna
• Is Part Of: Neuroscience. Volume 405(2019)
• Page Start: 14
• Page End: 23
• Publication Date: 2019-05-01
• Subjects: 17β-E2 17-beta-estradiol -- Akt protein kinase B -- AR androgen receptor -- Aβ beta amyloid -- CNS central nervous system -- ERs estrogen receptors -- ERα estrogen receptor-alpha -- ERβ estrogen receptor-beta -- GPR30 G-protein-coupled-receptor 30 -- IGF-1 insulin-like growth factor 1 -- IL1β interleukin-1 beta -- Jmjd3 histone H3K27me3 demethylase Jumonji domain containing 3 -- LPS lipopolysaccharide -- MCAO middle cerebral artery occlusion -- Nrf2 nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 -- P2Y12R P2Y12 receptors -- PARP-1 poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 -- PGE2 prostaglandin E2 -- PI3K phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase -- POA preoptic area -- PPAR-γ peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma -- ROS reactive oxygen species -- SCN suprachiasmatic nucleus -- SERMs selective estrogen receptor modulators -- STAT3 signal transducer and activator of transcription -- TLR2 toll-like receptor 2 -- TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-alpha -- tPAs tissue plasminogen activators; microglia activation -- sex difference -- brain ischemia -- inflammation -- innate immune response -- bioluminescence imaging; Neurochemistry -- Periodicals; Neurophysiology -- Periodicals; Neurology -- Periodicals; Neurochimie -- Périodiques; Neurophysiologie -- Périodiques; Neurochemistry; Neurophysiology; Electronic journals; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 612.8
• DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.02.048
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0306-4522

Abstract

Highlights: Microglia underlie sex differences in physiological condition and after ischemic injury. Sex-specific signaling pathways contribute to inflammatory events following stroke. Sexual dimorphism in innate immunity affects microglia responses following brain ischemia. Abstract: Microglia are the principle immune cells of the brain. Once activated, microglial cells may exhibit a wide repertoire of the context-dependent profiles ranging from highly neurotoxic to more protective and pro-regenerative cellular phenotypes. While to date the mechanisms involved in the molecular regulation of the microglia polarization phenotypes remain elusive, growing evidence suggests that gender may markedly affect the inflammatory and/or glial responses following brain injuries. In the recent years, special attention has been given to the role of microglia in sexual dimorphism, both in healthy brain and diseased brain. Here, we review recent advances revealing microglia as an important determinant of gender differences under physiological conditions and in injured brain. We also discuss how microglia-driven innate immunity and signaling pathways might be involved in the sex-dependent responses following brain ischemic injury. Finally we describe how advanced methods such as live imaging techniques may help elucidate the role of microglia in the modulation of immune responses and gender difference after stroke.