Catch You on the Flip Side: A Critical Review of Flippase Mutant Phenotypes. (May 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Nintemann, Sebastian J.; Palmgren, Michael; López-Marqués, Rosa Laura
• Is Part Of: Trends in plant science. Volume 24:Number 5(2019)
• Page Start: 468
• Page End: 478
• Publication Date: 2019-05
• Subjects: lipid flippases -- P4 ATPases -- biotic stress -- abiotic stress -- plant development -- membrane function; Botany -- Periodicals; Botanique -- Périodiques; Botany; Periodicals; 580.5
• DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2019.02.002
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1360-1385

Abstract

Abstract : Lipid flippases are integral membrane proteins that use ATP hydrolysis to power the generation of phospholipid asymmetry between the two leaflets of biological membranes, a process essential for cell survival. Although the first report of a plant lipid flippase was published in 2000, progress in the field has been slow, partially due to the high level of redundancy in this gene family. However, recently an increasing number of reports have examined the physiological function of lipid flippases, mainly in Arabidopsis thaliana . In this review we aim to summarize recent findings on the physiological relevance of lipid flippases in plant adaptation to a changing environment and caution against misinterpretation of pleiotropic effects in genetic studies of flippases. Highlights: Lipid flippases are primary active membrane transporters involved in the translocation of phospholipids between the two sides of a lipid bilayer. Lipid flippases establish and maintain membrane bilayer phospholipid asymmetry, which is essential for fundamental cell functions including vesicle formation in the secretory and endocytic pathways. Plants lacking lipid flippases show pleiotropic phenotypes in development, responses to temperature, and pathogen and viral defense as well as lipid signaling. While some of these phenotypes have been suggested to be due to defects in membrane trafficking and/or abnormal lipid homeostasis, an unequivocal mechanistic explanation is largely missing.