Building programme theory to develop more adaptable and scalable complex interventions: Realist formative process evaluation prior to full trial. (April 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Brand, Sarah Louise; Quinn, Cath; Pearson, Mark; Lennox, Charlotte; Owens, Christabel; Kirkpatrick, Tim; Callaghan, Lynne; Stirzaker, Alex; Michie, Susan; Maguire, Mike; Shaw, Jennifer; Byng, Richard
• Is Part Of: Evaluation. Volume 25:Number 2(2019:Apr.)
• Page Start: 149
• Page End: 170
• Publication Date: 2019-04
• Subjects: complex intervention development -- feasibility and piloting -- formative process evaluation -- programme theory development -- realist evaluation; Evaluation research (Social action programs) -- Periodicals; 361.61068
• DOI: 10.1177/1356389018802134
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1356-3890

Abstract

Medical Research Council guidelines recognise the need to optimise complex interventions prior to full trial through greater understanding of underlying theory and formative process evaluation, yet there are few examples. A realist approach to formative process evaluation makes a unique contribution through a focus on theory formalisation and abstraction. The success of an intervention is dependent on the extent to which it gels or jars with existing provision and can be successfully transferred to new contexts. Interventions with underlying programme theory about how they work, for whom, and under which circumstances will be better able to adapt to work with (rather than against) different services, individuals, and settings. In this methodological article, we describe and illustrate how a realist approach to formative process evaluation develops contextualised intervention theory that can underpin more adaptable and scalable interventions. We discuss challenges and benefits of this approach.