Glioblastoma cancer stem cell biology: Potential theranostic targets. (January 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Sharifzad, Farzaneh; Ghavami, Saeid; Verdi, Javad; Mardpour, Soura; Mollapour Sisakht, Mahsa; Azizi, Zahra; Taghikhani, Adeleh; Łos, Marek J.; Fakharian, Esmail; Ebrahimi, Marzieh; Hamidieh, Amir Ali
• Is Part Of: Drug resistance updates. Volume 42(2019)
• Page Start: 35
• Page End: 45
• Publication Date: 2019-01
• Subjects: BMP bone morphogenic protein -- CD cluster of differentiation -- CSC cancer stem cell -- CNS central nervous system -- CTGF connective tissue growth factor -- CSF colony stimulating factor -- Dov dovitinib -- EMT epithelial-mesenchymal transition -- FABP fatty acid-binding protein -- FGF fibroblast growth factor -- GLI glioma-associated oncogene -- GSCs glioblastoma cancer stem cells -- HIF hypoxia-inducible factor -- HO heme oxygenase -- ID inhibitor of differentiation -- IL interleukin -- MDSC myeloid-derived suppressor cell -- MMP matrix metalloproteinase -- NSC neural stem cell -- PcG polycomb group -- PDGF platelet-derived growth factor -- PLAGL pleomorphic adenoma gene-like -- PRC polycomb repressive complex -- RGC radial ganglion cell -- SDF stromal cell-derived factor -- SHH sonic hedge hog -- TAM tumor-associated macrophage -- TMZ temozolomide -- TGF transforming growth factor -- TP thymidine phosphorylase -- TRKA tyrosine receptor kinase type A -- VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor -- ZEB1 zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1; Glioblastoma -- Cancer stem cell -- Self-renewal -- Chemoresistance -- Wnt -- Notch; Drug resistance in cancer cells -- Periodicals; Cancer -- Chemotherapy -- Periodicals; 616.994061
• DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2018.03.003
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1368-7646

Abstract

Abstract: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is among the most incurable cancers. GBMs survival rate has not markedly improved, despite new radical surgery protocols, the introduction of new anticancer drugs, new treatment protocols, and advances in radiation techniques. The low efficacy of therapy, and short interval between remission and recurrence, could be attributed to the resistance of a small fraction of tumorigenic cells to treatment. The existence and importance of cancer stem cells (CSCs) is perceived by some as controversial. Experimental evidences suggest that the presence of therapy-resistant glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) could explain tumor recurrence and metastasis. Some scientists, including most of the authors of this review, believe that GSCs are the driving force behind GBM relapses, whereas others however, question the existence of GSCs. Evidence has accumulated indicating that non-tumorigenic cancer cells with high heterogeneity, could undergo reprogramming and become GSCs. Hence, targeting GSCs as the "root cells" initiating malignancy has been proposed to eradicate this devastating disease. Most standard treatments fail to completely eradicate GSCs, which can then cause the recurrence of the disease. To effectively target GSCs, a comprehensive understanding of the biology of GSCs as well as the mechanisms by which these cells survive during treatment and develop into new tumor, is urgently needed. Herein, we provide an overview of the molecular features of GSCs, and elaborate how to facilitate their detection and efficient targeting for therapeutic interventions. We also discuss GBM classifications based on the molecular stem cell subtypes with a focus on potential therapeutic approaches.