Characterization of Rett Syndrome-like phenotypes in Mecp2-knockout rats. Issue 1 (December 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Wu, Yang; Zhong, Weiwei; Cui, Ningren; Johnson, Christopher; Xing, Hao; Zhang, Shuang; Jiang, Chun
• Is Part Of: Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders. Volume 8:Issue 1(2016)
• Page Start: 1
• Page End: 12
• Publication Date: 2016-12
• Subjects: Mecp2-null rat -- Rett syndrome -- Behaviors -- Breathing -- Locus coeruleus; Developmental neurobiology -- Periodicals; Neurosciences -- Periodicals; Nervous system -- Diseases -- Periodicals; 618.928
• DOI: 10.1186/s11689-016-9156-7
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1866-1947

Abstract

Abstract Background Rett Syndrome (RTT) is a neurodevelopmental disease caused by the disruption of theMECP2 gene. Several mouse models of RTT have been developed withMecp2 disruptions. Although the mouse models are widely used in RTT research, results obtained need to be validated in other species. Therefore, we performed these studies to characterize phenotypes of a novelMecp2 −/Y rat model and compared them with theMecp2 tm1.1Bird mouse model of RTT. Methods RTT-like phenotypes were systematically studied and compared betweenMecp2 −/Y rats andMecp2 −/Y mice. In-cage conditions of the rats were monitored. Grip strength and spontaneous locomotion were used to evaluate the motor function. Three-chamber test was performed to show autism-type behaviors. Breathing activity was recorded with the plethysmograph. Individual neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) were studied in the whole-cell current clamp. The lifespan of the rats was determined with their survival time. Results Mecp2 −/Y rats displayed growth retardation, malocclusion, and lack of movements, while hindlimb clasping was not seen. They had weaker forelimb grip strength and a lower rate of locomotion than the WT littermates. Defects in social interaction with other rats were obvious. Breathing frequency variation and apnea in the null rats were significantly higher than in the WT. LC neurons in the null rats showed excessive firing activity. A half of the null rats died in 2 months. Most of the RTT-like symptoms were comparable to those seen inMecp2 −/Y mice, while some appeared more or less severe. The findings that most RTT-like symptoms exist in the rat model with moderate variations and differences from the mouse models support the usefulness of bothMecp2 −/Y rodent models. Conclusions The novelMecp2 −/Y rat model recapitulated numerous RTT-like symptoms asMecp2 −/Y mouse models did, which makes it a valuable alternative model in the RTT studies when the body size matters.