Persistence of self-injurious behaviour in autism spectrum disorder over 3 years: a prospective cohort study of risk markers. Issue 1 (December 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Richards, Caroline; Moss, Jo; Nelson, Lisa; Oliver, Chris
• Is Part Of: Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders. Volume 8:Issue 1(2016)
• Page Start: 1
• Page End: 12
• Publication Date: 2016-12
• Subjects: Autism spectrum disorder -- Self-injury -- Risk marker -- Prevalence -- Hyperactivity -- Impulsivity -- Pain; Developmental neurobiology -- Periodicals; Neurosciences -- Periodicals; Nervous system -- Diseases -- Periodicals; 618.928
• DOI: 10.1186/s11689-016-9153-x
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1866-1947

Abstract

Abstract Background There are few studies documenting the persistence of self-injury in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and consequently limited data on behavioural and demographic characteristics associated with persistence. In this longitudinal study, we investigated self-injury in a cohort of individuals with ASD over 3 years to identify behavioural and demographic characteristics associated with persistence. Methods Carers of 67 individuals with ASD (Median age of individuals with ASD in years = 13.5, Interquartile Range = 10.00–17.00), completed questionnaires relating to the presence and topography of self-injury at T1 and three years later at T2 . Analyses were conducted to evaluate the persistence of self-injury and to evaluate the behavioural and demographic characteristics associated with persistence of self-injury. Results At T2 self-injurious behaviour had persisted in 77.8 % of individuals. Behavioural correlates of being non-verbal, having lower ability and higher levels of overactivity, impulsivity and repetitive behaviour, were associated with self-injury at both time points. Risk markers of impulsivity (p = 0.021) and deficits in social interaction (p = 0.026) at T1 were associated with the persistence of self-injury over 3 years. Conclusions Impulsivity and deficits in social interaction are associated with persistent self-injury in ASD and thus may act as behavioural risk markers. The identification of these risk markers evidences a role for behaviour dysregulation in the development and maintenance of self-injury. The findings have clinical implications for proactive intervention; these behavioural characteristics may be utilised to identify 'at risk' individuals for whom self-injury is likely to be persistent and therefore those individuals for whom early intervention may be most warranted.