Demarcation of Viral Shelters Results in Destruction by Membranolytic GTPases: Antiviral Function of Autophagy Proteins and Interferon‐Inducible GTPases. (30th March 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Brown, Hailey M.; Biering, Scott B.; Zhu, Allen; Choi, Jayoung; Hwang, Seungmin
• Is Part Of: BioEssays. Volume 40:Number 6(2018:Jun.)
• Page Start: n/a
• Page End: n/a
• Publication Date: 2018-03-30
• Subjects: autophagy -- interferon‐inducible GTPases -- LC3 conjugation -- pathogen‐containing vacuoles -- positive‐sense RNA virus -- replication compartment -- vacuolar pathogen; Molecular biology -- Periodicals; Cytology -- Periodicals; Developmental biology -- Periodicals; 572.8
• DOI: 10.1002/bies.201700231
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0265-9247

Abstract

Abstract : A hallmark of positive‐sense RNA viruses is the formation of membranous shelters for safe replication in the cytoplasm. Once considered invisible to the immune system, these viral shelters are now found to be antagonized through the cooperation of autophagy proteins and anti‐microbial GTPases. This coordinated effort of autophagy proteins guiding GTPases functions against not only the shelters of viruses but also cytoplasmic vacuoles containing bacteria or protozoa, suggesting a broad immune‐defense mechanism against disparate vacuolar pathogens. Fundamental questions regarding this process remain: how the host recognizes these membranous structures as a target, how the autophagy proteins bring the GTPases to the shelters, and how the recruited GTPases disrupt these shelters. In this review, these questions are discussed, the answers to which will significantly advance our understanding of the response to vacuole‐like structures of pathogens, thereby paving the way for the development of broadly effective anti‐microbial strategies for public health. Abstract : Cooperation between autophagy proteins and interferon‐inducible GTPases is known to control intracellular bacteria and protozoa. This cooperative process is recently discovered to orchestrate an antiviral response against the replication compartment of a positive‐sense RNA virus. Here, we discuss the current progress and future questions regarding this anti‐microbial process.