Evaluation of electric vehicle component performance over eco-driving cycles. (1st April 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Gao, Zhiming; LaClair, Tim; Ou, Shiqi; Huff, Shean; Wu, Guoyuan; Hao, Peng; Boriboonsomsin, Kanok; Barth, Matthew
• Is Part Of: Energy. Volume 172(2019)
• Page Start: 823
• Page End: 839
• Publication Date: 2019-04-01
• Subjects: Electric vehicle -- Eco-driving -- Component efficiency -- Powertrain modeling; Power resources -- Periodicals; Power (Mechanics) -- Periodicals; Energy consumption -- Periodicals; 333.7905
• DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2019.02.017
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0360-5442

Abstract

Abstract: Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) are a critical pathway towards achieving energy independence and meeting greenhouse and criteria pollutant gas reduction goals in the current and future transportation sector. Emerging connected and automated vehicle (CAV) technologies further open the door for developing innovative applications and systems to leverage vehicle efficiency and substantially transform transportation systems. Therefore, we present a simulation study of various BEV types and compare the performance when driving on real-road drive cycles to highly optimized eco-driving cycles using advanced CAV technologies. The results demonstrate that eco-driving has a high potential to reduce energy consumption for all types of BEVs considered. The investigated BEVs include a compact vehicle, a transit city bus, and a Class 7 delivery truck. The impact of eco-driving on conventional vehicles was also compared to comparable BEVs. Compared to the BEVs, eco-driving provides a larger reduction in the conventional vehicle's braking energy loss, and also provides conventional vehicles with greater reductions in the engine mechanical energy output but the fuel savings did not show a consistent trend among all the conventional vehicle types. As part of the study, a comprehensive EV powertrain model was developed to account for key EV components and powertrain configurations. Highlights: The developed BEV model enables comparisons between BEV technology options. BEV key losses are aero drag, rolling resist, motor loss, drivetrain loss, and bus accessory. Eco-driving boosts efficiency by 27%, 22% and 8% for the passenger BEV, E-bus and E-truck, respectively. Low rolling resistance tires have a significant impact on the BEVs' efficiency under eco-driving. The impact of eco-driving on comparable conventional vehicles was compared to the BEVs.