An opinion on nanomedicine and toxico-cellular crosstalk: Considerations and Caveats. (2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Madhyastha, H.; Madhyastha, R.; Nakajima, Y.; Daima, H.K.; Navya, P.N.; Maruyama, M.
• Is Part Of: Materials today. Volume 10:Part 1(2019)
• Page Start: 100
• Page End: 105
• Publication Date: 2019
• Subjects: Nanomedicine -- toxicity -- nanomaterials -- chemo-biological interaction -- nanoparticle -- subcellular; Materials science -- Congresses -- Periodicals; 620.1
• DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2019.02.194
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2214-7853

Abstract

Abstract: Nanomedicine is a new kind of molecular medicine that exploits the ability to control individual atoms and molecules, and associated properties, to generate complex functional drug delivery vehicles, diagnostic and analytical tools for application in medicine. Several types of nanomaterials including liposomes, polymers, metals and metal oxides, and composites are used in nano-drug delivery systems. Further, it has been established that nanomaterials are not benign and that they can affect biological systems at the molecular and cellular levels resulting in detrimental effects. However, over the last decade, considerable efforts have been made to develop suitable in vivo and in vitro toxicity testing assays, and to adapt methods developed originally for bulky materials, to assess nanomaterial-induced toxicity. Thus, the high degree of nanomaterial variables in the context of toxicity testing is a challenge because it is simply impossible to test each nanoparticle's variant for all its toxicological properties. This leads the chemo-biological interaction upon entry into the biological systems. In addition, nanoparticles may directly interact with proteins, lipids and DNA; resulting in additional biological effects that include protein degradation, membrane damage and mutagenesis. These sources contribute to the production of various oxidants, albeit at different subcellular compartments.