Genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum isolates from uncomplicated malaria cases in Ghana over a decade. Issue 1 (December 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Duah, Nancy; Matrevi, Sena; Quashie, Neils; Abuaku, Benjamin; Koram, Kwadwo
• Is Part Of: Parasites & vectors. Volume 9:Issue 1(2016)
• Page Start: 1
• Page End: 8
• Publication Date: 2016-12
• Subjects: Genetic diversity -- Plasmodium falciparum -- msp2 -- Ghana; Parasitism -- Periodicals; Parasites -- Periodicals; Vector-pathogen relationships -- Periodicals; Animals as carriers of disease -- Periodicals; Insects as carriers of disease -- Periodicals; 616.96
• DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1692-1
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1756-3305

Abstract

Abstract Background Genotyping malaria parasites to assess their diversity in different geographic settings have become necessary for the selection of antigenic epitopes for vaccine development and for antimalarial drug efficacy or resistance investigations. This study describes the genetic diversity ofPlasmodium falciparum isolates from uncomplicated malaria cases over a ten year period (2003–2013) in Ghana using the polymorphic antigenic marker, merozoite surface protein 2 (msp2 ). Methods Archived filter paper blood blots from children aged nine years and below with uncomplicated malaria collected from nine sites in Ghana were typed for the presence of the markers. A total of 880 samples were genotyped formsp2 for the two major allelic families, FC27 and 3D7, using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The allele frequencies and the multiplicity of infection were determined for the nine sites for five time points over a period of ten years, 2003–2004, 2005–2006, 2007–2008, 2010 and 2012–2013 malaria transmission seasons. Results The number of different alleles detected for themsp2 gene by resolving PCR products on agarose gels was 14. Both of the major allelic families, 3D7 and FC27 were common in all population samples. The highest multiplicity of infection (MOI) was observed in isolates from Begoro (forest zone, rural site): 3.31 for the time point 2007–2008. A significant variation was observed among the sites in the MOIs detected per infection (Fisher's exact test, P < 0.001) for the 2007 isolates and also at each of the three sites with data for three different years, Hohoe, P = 0.03; Navrongo, P < 0.001; Cape Coast, P < 0.001. Overall, there was no significant difference between the MOIs of the three ecological zones over the years (P = 0.37) and between the time points when data from all sites were pooled (P = 0.40). Conclusions The diversity and variation between isolates detected using themsp2 gene in Ghanaian isolates were observed to be profound; however, there was homogeneity throughout the three ecological zones studied. This is indicative of gene flow between the parasite populations across the country probably due to human population movements (HPM).