Stemming retinal regeneration with pluripotent stem cells. (March 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Jin, Zi-Bing; Gao, Mei-Ling; Deng, Wen-Li; Wu, Kun-Chao; Sugita, Sunao; Mandai, Michiko; Takahashi, Masayo
• Is Part Of: Progress in retinal and eye research. Volume 69(2019:Mar.)
• Page Start: 38
• Page End: 56
• Publication Date: 2019-03
• Subjects: Retinal degeneration -- Pluripotent stem cells -- Retinal pigment epithelium -- Stem cell-derived retinal cell -- Retinal tissue -- Transplantation; AMD age-related macular degeneration -- RP retinitis pigmentosa -- RPE retinal pigment epithelial -- RGCs retinal ganglion cells -- MSCs mesenchymal stem cells -- BM Bruch's membrane -- POS photoreceptor outer segment -- PEDF pigment epithelium-derived factor -- VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor -- hESCs human embryonic stem cells -- iPSCs induced pluripotent stem cells -- ERG electroretinography -- EOG electro-oculogram -- OCT optical coherence tomography -- VEP visual evoked potential -- AOSLO adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy -- TLR3 Toll-like receptor 3 -- GWAS genome-wide association analysis -- ABC ATP-binding cassette -- RPCs retinal precursor cells -- BDNF brain-derived neurotrophic factor -- ONL outer nuclear layer -- SFEBq serum-free floating culture of embryoid body-like aggregates -- 2/3D 2/3-dimensional -- HAMC hyaluronan and methylcellulose -- RWSF regenerated wild Antheraeapernyi silk fibroin -- PCL polycaprolactone -- HLA human leukocyte antigen -- OLM outer limiting membrane -- hMGCs human Müller glia cells -- IS/OS inner segment/outer segment -- ERM epiretinal membrane -- ADSCs adipose-derived stem cells -- RPESCs retinal pigment epithelial stem cells -- CNS-SCs central nervous system stem cells -- MAC membrane attack complexes; Retina -- Periodicals; Retina -- Research -- Methodology -- Periodicals; Eye -- Diseases -- Periodicals; Eye -- Periodicals; Eye Diseases -- Periodicals; Retina -- Periodicals; Rétine -- Périodiques; Rétine -- Recherche -- Méthodologie -- Périodiques; 617.7005
• DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.11.003
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1350-9462

Abstract

Abstract: Cell replacement therapy is a promising treatment for irreversible retinal cell death in diverse diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), Stargardt's disease, retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and glaucoma. These diseases are all characterized by the degeneration of one or two retinal cell types that cannot regenerate spontaneously in humans. Aberrant retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells can be observed through optical coherence tomography (OCT) in AMD patients. In RP patients, the morphological and functional abnormalities of RPE and photoreceptor layers are caused by a genetic abnormality. Stargardt's disease or juvenile macular degeneration, which is characterized by the loss of the RPE and photoreceptors in the macular area, causes central vision loss at an early age. Loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) can be observed in patients with glaucoma. Once the retinal cell degeneration is triggered, no treatments can reverse it. Transplantation-based approaches have been proposed as a universal therapy to target patients with various concomitant diseases. Both the replacement of dead cells and neuroprotection are strategies used to rescue visual function in animal models of retinal degeneration. Diverse retinal cell types derived from pluripotent stem cells, including RPE cells, photoreceptors, RGCs and even retinal organoids with a layered structure, provide unlimited cell sources for transplantation. In addition, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multifunctional and protect degenerating retinal cells. The aim of this review is to summarize current findings from preclinical and clinical studies. We begin with a brief introduction to retinal degenerative diseases and cell death in diverse diseases, followed by methods for retinal cell generation. Preclinical and clinical studies are discussed, and future concerns about efficacy, safety and immunorejection are also addressed.