Spatial variation of insecticide resistance in the dengue vector Aedes aegypti presents unique vector control challenges. Issue 1 (December 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Deming, Regan; Manrique-Saide, Pablo; Medina Barreiro, Anuar; Cardeña, Edgar; Che-Mendoza, Azael; Jones, Bryant; Liebman, Kelly; Vizcaino, Lucrecia; Vazquez-Prokopec, Gonzalo; Lenhart, Audrey
• Is Part Of: Parasites & vectors. Volume 9:Issue 1(2016)
• Page Start: 1
• Page End: 10
• Publication Date: 2016-12
• Subjects: Aedes aegypti -- Dengue -- Insecticide resistance -- kdr; Parasitism -- Periodicals; Parasites -- Periodicals; Vector-pathogen relationships -- Periodicals; Animals as carriers of disease -- Periodicals; Insects as carriers of disease -- Periodicals; 616.96
• DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1346-3
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1756-3305

Abstract

Abstract Background Dengue is a major public health problem in Mexico, where the use of chemical insecticides to control the principal dengue vector, Aedes aegypti, is widespread. Resistance to insecticides has been reported in multiple sites, and the frequency ofkdr mutations associated with pyrethroid resistance has increased rapidly in recent years. In the present study, we characterized patterns of insecticide resistance inAe. aegypti populations in five small towns surrounding the city of Merida, Mexico. Methods A cross-sectional, entomological survey was performed between June and August 2013 in 250 houses in each of the five towns. Indoor resting adult mosquitoes were collected in all houses and four ovitraps were placed in each study block. CDC bottle bioassays were conducted using F0 -F2 individuals reared from the ovitraps andkdr allele (Ile1016 and Cys1534) frequencies were determined. Results High, but varying, levels of resistance to chorpyrifos-ethyl was detected in all study towns, complete susceptibility to bendiocarb in all except one town, and variations in resistance to deltamethrin between towns, ranging from 63–88 % mortality. Significant associations were detected between deltamethrin resistance and the presence of bothkdr alleles. Phenotypic resistance was highly predictive of the presence of both alleles, however, not all mosquitoes containing a mutant allele were phenotypically resistant. An analysis of genotypic differentiation (exact G test) between the five towns based on the adult femaleAe. aegypti collected from inside houses showed highly significant differences (p < 0.0001) between genotypes for both loci. When this was further analyzed to look for fine scale differences at the block level within towns, genotypic differentiation was significant for both loci in San Lorenzo (Ile1016, p = 0.018 and Cys1534, p = 0.007) and for Ile1016 in Acanceh (p = 0.013) and Conkal (p = 0.031). Conclusions The results from this study suggest that 3 years after switching chemical groups, deltamethrin resistance and a high frequency ofkdr alleles persisted inAe. aegypti populations. The spatial variation that was detected in both resistance phenotypes and genotypes has practical implications, both for vector control operations as well as insecticide resistance management strategies.