Generation of large pollution patches via collisions of sticky floating parcels driven by wind and surface currents. (April 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Giudici, Andrea; Kalda, Jaan; Soomere, Tarmo
• Is Part Of: Marine pollution bulletin. Volume 141(2019)
• Page Start: 573
• Page End: 585
• Publication Date: 2019-04
• Subjects: Marine pollution -- Plastic garbage -- Current-driven transport -- Patchiness -- Self-organization; Marine pollution -- Periodicals; Marine Biology -- Periodicals; Water Pollution -- Periodicals; Mer -- Pollution -- Périodiques; Publications périodiques; Pollution des mers; Lutte antipollution; Electronic journals; 363.7394
• DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.02.039
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0025-326X

Abstract

Abstract: We study the evolution of large systems of sticky patches of pollution that float on the sea surface and are moved around by realistic wind and simulated surface currents. The study area is the Gulf of Finland in the eastern Baltic Sea that hosts extremely heavy cargo and tanker traffic. It is assumed that patches merge at collision. Collisions are enhanced by wind impact that depends on the patch size. We implement a space partitioning algorithm for fast simulations of large systems of >8000 patches and perform a series of simulations with different initial size and location of the patches. The resulting empirical distribution of the number of patches of different size is governed universally by a stretched-exponential power law f ( x ) = A exp (− x b ). This indicates that the evolution of large systems of pollution patches on the sea surface exhibits classic self-organization and scale invariance properties. This may be the key effect explaining how the patchiness of waste in marine environment is formed under the impact of different drivers. Highlights: We simulate the evolution patches of pollution jointly impacted by winds and currents. The model systematically simulates collisions of sticky patches. The resulting distribution of patch size is a stretched-exponential power law. This distribution is universal and quite stable across a wide range of parameters.