Recurrent cisplatin hypersensitivity reaction after first exposure: A case report. (March 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Solomon, Benjamin; Colonna, Sarah
• Is Part Of: Journal of oncology pharmacy practice. Volume 25:Number 2(2019)
• Page Start: 481
• Page End: 483
• Publication Date: 2019-03
• Subjects: Cisplatin -- hypersensitivity -- platinum chemotherapy -- head and neck cancer -- skin allergy testing; Cancer -- Chemotherapy -- Periodicals; Clinical pharmacology -- Periodicals; 616.994061
• DOI: 10.1177/1078155217735154
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1078-1552

Abstract

Purpose: Hypersensitivity reactions to platinum-based chemotherapies are well documented and are often a limiting factor in treating a variety of cancers. Allergy skin testing has been used to determine if repeat exposure is safe. We report a case of a false negative skin allergy test in an atypical presentation of cisplatin hypersensitivity reaction. Case report: A 64-year-old male diagnosed with stage IVa squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx who developed a delayed reaction of face swelling and dysphagia following exposure to a single dose of cisplatin. Skin allergy testing performed and was negative. On second dosing of cisplatin, the patient developed an immediate hypersensitivity reaction. Cisplatin was discontinued, and the patient was transitioned to cetuximab. The rest of chemoradiation therapy was completed without further incident. Discussion: This case demonstrates the limited efficacy of skin allergy testing for cisplatin. Furthermore, it is an atypical presentation of cisplatin-related hypersensitivity as it occurred following the patient's first dose despite no prior exposure to platinum-based chemotherapy. Conclusion: Skin allergy testing has limited sensitivity for platinum-based chemotherapy and caution should be exercised in weighing risk and benefits of re-exposure. Although rare, cisplatin hypersensitivity can present after first exposure.