The intersection of lysosomal and endoplasmic reticulum calcium with autophagy defects in lysosomal diseases. (1st April 2019) - Liu, Elaine A.
Highlights: Lysosomal storage disorders (LSD) are often associated with neurodegeneration. Defects in autophagic flux and intracellular calcium homeostasis are common. We review the relationship between these alterations in the context of two LSDs. Abstract: The lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) encompass a group of more than 50 inherited diseases characterized by the accumulation of lysosomal substrates. Two-thirds of patients experience significant neurological symptoms, but the mechanisms of neurodegeneration are not well understood. Interestingly, a wide range of LSDs show defects in both autophagy and Ca 2+ homeostasis, which is notable as Ca 2+ is a key regulator of autophagy. The crosstalk between these pathways in the context of LSD pathogenesis is not well characterized, but further understanding of this relationship could open up promising therapeutic targets. This review discusses the role of endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomal Ca 2+ in autophagy regulation and highlights what is known about defects in autophagy and Ca 2+ homeostasis in two LSDs, Niemann-Pick type C disease and Gaucher disease.