Potent in vitro antileishmanial activity of a nanoformulation of cisplatin with carbon nanotubes against Leishmania major. (March 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Akhtari, Javad; Faridnia, Roghiyeh; Kalani, Hamed; Bastani, Reza; Fakhar, Mahdi; Rezvan, Hossein; Beydokhti, Amin Kazemi
• Is Part Of: Journal of global antimicrobial resistance. Volume 16(2019)
• Page Start: 11
• Page End: 16
• Publication Date: 2019-03
• Subjects: Carbon nanotubes -- Cisplatin -- Leishmania major -- Cytotoxicity; Drug resistance -- Periodicals; Drug resistance -- Periodicals; Drug resistance; Periodicals; 616.9041
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2018.09.004
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2213-7165

Abstract

Highlights: Strong antileishmanial effect of cisplatin-bonded carbon nanotubes (CP-CNT). Antileishmanial effect of CP-CNT was significantly greater than Glucantime ® and free cisplatin. Multi-walled CP-CNT but not single-walled CP-CNT were selectively toxic to the Leishmania parasite. Abstract: Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity and antileishmanial activity of cisplatin-bonded carbon nanotubes both against promastigotes and amastigotes of Leishmania major in vitro . Methods: Cisplatin-bonded single-walled carbon nanotubes (CP-SWCNT) and cisplatin-bonded multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CP-MWCNT) were considered as test compounds. In addition, SWCNT, MWCNT, free cisplatin and meglumine antimoniate (Glucantime ® ) were considered as controls. The effect of each compound was evaluated both on promastigote and amastigote stages of L. major and the results were compared. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) of CP-SWCNT and each of the controls, including SWCNT, cisplatin and Glucantime ® ( P < 0.05). In addition, IC50 values of CP-MWCNT and each of the controls, including MWCNT, cisplatin and Glucantime ®, were significantly different both for promastigotes and amastigotes ( P < 0.05). However, the selectivity index (SI) of CP-SWCNT was <10 (5.23), indicating that this compound is not completely safe. Moreover, the SI values of CP-MWCNT (12.54) and Glucantime ® (16.28) were >10, indicating the selective effect of these two compounds on the parasite. Moreover, the IC50 of CP-MWCNT (0.11 ± 0.09 μM) for amastigotes was 41-fold lower than that of Glucantime ® (4.52 ± 1.31 μM), suggesting that a lower dose of CP-MWCNT in comparison with Glucantime ® is required to kill 50% of amastigotes. Conclusions: According to the potent in vitro antileishmanial activity of CP-MWCNT at low concentration against L . major, we suggest that they are evaluated in an animal model.