Prenatal alcohol exposure and facial morphology in a UK cohort. (1st April 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Howe, Laurence J.; Sharp, Gemma C.; Hemani, Gibran; Zuccolo, Luisa; Richmond, Stephen; Lewis, Sarah J.
• Is Part Of: Drug and alcohol dependence. Volume 197(2019)
• Page Start: 42
• Page End: 47
• Publication Date: 2019-04-01
• Subjects: Alcohol -- Facial morphology -- ALSPAC -- Mendelian randomization; Drug abuse -- Periodicals; Alcoholism -- Periodicals; 616.86
• DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.11.031
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0376-8716

Abstract

Highlights: The effects of low to moderate levels of prenatal alcohol exposure are unclear. Maternal alcohol intake was not strongly associated with their child's facial morphology. Maternal SNP implicated in alcohol metabolism similarly not strongly associated. No clear evidence that prenatal alcohol exposure affects facial phenotypes tested. Abstract: Background: High levels of prenatal alcohol exposure are known to cause an array of adverse outcomes including fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS); however, the effects of low to moderate exposure are less-well characterized. Previous findings suggest that differences in normal-range facial morphology may be a marker for alcohol exposure and related adverse effects. Methods: In the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, we tested for an association between maternal alcohol consumption and six FAS-related facial phenotypes in their offspring, using both self-report questionnaires and the maternal genotype at rs1229984 in ADH1B as measures of maternal alcohol consumption. Results: In both self-reported alcohol consumption (N = 4233) and rs1229984 genotype (N = 3139) analyses, we found no strong statistical evidence for an association between maternal alcohol consumption and facial phenotypes tested. The directions of effect estimates were compatible with the known effects of heavy alcohol exposure, but confidence intervals were largely centered around zero. Conclusions: There is no strong evidence, in a sample representative of the general population, for an effect of prenatal alcohol exposure on normal-range variation in facial morphology.