Effects of Intraborehole Flow on Purging and Sampling Long‐Screened or Open Wells. Issue 2 (13th June 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Poulsen, David L.; Cook, Peter G.; Simmons, Craig T.; McCallum, James L.; Dogramaci, Shawan
• Is Part Of: Ground water. Volume 57:Issue 2(2019)
• Page Start: 269
• Page End: 278
• Publication Date: 2018-06-13
• Subjects: Groundwater -- Periodicals; Wells -- Periodicals; Eau souterraine -- Périodiques; Puits -- Périodiques; Grondwater; Eau souterraine; Puits; Electronic journals; Périodique électronique (Descripteur de forme); Ressource Internet (Descripteur de forme); 551.49
• DOI: 10.1111/gwat.12797
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0017-467X

Abstract

Abstract: Hydraulic head differences across the screened or open interval of a well significantly influence the sampled water mixture. Sample bias can occur due to an insufficient pumping rate and/or due to native groundwater displacement by intraborehole flow (IBF). Proper understanding of the sampled water mixture is crucial for accurate interpretation of environmental tracers and groundwater chemistry data, and hence groundwater characterization. This paper uses numerical modeling to quantify sample bias caused by IBF in an un‐pumped high‐yield well, and the influence of pumping rate and heterogeneity on the volume of pumpage required to purge an IBF plume. The results show that (1) the pumping rate must be at least an order of magnitude greater than the IBF rate to achieve permeability‐weighted yield, (2) purge volume was 2.2 to 20.6 times larger than the IBF plume volume, with the ratio depending on plume location relative to hydraulic conductivity and head distributions, and (3) after an example 1000‐day un‐pumped period, purging required removal of at least three orders of magnitude more water than the common practice of three to five well volumes. These results highlight the importance of knowing the borehole flow regime to identify IBF inflow and outflow zones, estimate IBF rates, and to develop a strategic sampling approach. Abstract : Article impact statement : This paper provides new insight, cautionary advice, and an informed approach for using long‐screened wells in groundwater studies.