Variability of functional traits and their syndromes in a freshwater fish species (Phoxinus phoxinus): The role of adaptive and nonadaptive processes. Issue 5 (14th February 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Raffard, Allan; Cucherousset, Julien; Prunier, Jérôme G.; Loot, Géraldine; Santoul, Frédéric; Blanchet, Simon
• Is Part Of: Ecology and evolution. Volume 9:Issue 5(2019)
• Page Start: 2833
• Page End: 2846
• Publication Date: 2019-02-14
• Subjects: adaptation -- freshwater fish -- genetic drift -- intraspecific variation -- rivers -- syndrome -- trait covariation; Ecology -- Periodicals; Evolution -- Periodicals; 577.05
• DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4961
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2045-7758

Abstract

Abstract: Functional traits can covary to form "functional syndromes." Describing and understanding functional syndromes is an important prerequisite for predicting the effects of organisms on ecosystem functioning. At the intraspecific level, functional syndromes have recently been described, but very little is known about their variability among populations and—if they vary—what the ecological and evolutionary drivers of this variation are. Here, we quantified and compared the variability in four functional traits (body mass, metabolic rate, excretion rate, and boldness), their covariations and the subsequent syndromes among thirteen populations of a common freshwater fish (the European minnow, Phoxinus phoxinus ). We then tested whether functional traits and their covariations, as well as the subsequent syndromes, were underpinned by the phylogenetic relatedness among populations (historical effects) or the local environment (i.e., temperature and predation pressure), and whether adaptive (selection or plasticity) or nonadaptive (genetic drift) processes sustained among‐population variability. We found substantial among‐population variability in functional traits and trait covariations, and in the emerging syndromes. We further found that adaptive mechanisms (plasticity and/or selection) related to water temperature and predation pressure modulated the covariation between body mass and metabolic rate. Other trait covariations were more likely driven by genetic drift, suggesting that nonadaptive processes can also lead to substantial differences in trait covariations among populations. Overall, we concluded that functional syndromes are population‐specific, and that both adaptive and nonadaptive processes are shaping functional traits. Given the pivotal role of functional traits, differences in functional syndromes within species provide interesting perspectives regarding the role of intraspecific diversity for ecosystem functioning. Abstract : Previous works have shown that functional traits can be involved in multiple covariations, generating functional syndromes. This study quantifies and assesses the determinants of the variability in functional syndromes among thirteen populations of the European minnow ( Phoxinus phoxinus ). We found that syndromes were heterogeneous among populations, and that both adaptive processes related to water temperature and predation pressure and nonadaptive processes (genetic drift) modulated these syndromes.