Why bright city lights dazzle and illuminate: A cognitive science approach to urban promises. (February 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Cardoso, Rodrigo; Meijers, Evert; van Ham, Maarten; Burger, Martijn; de Vos, Duco
• Is Part Of: Urban studies. Volume 56:Number 2(2019:Feb.)
• Page Start: 452
• Page End: 470
• Publication Date: 2019-02
• Subjects: cognitive biases and heuristics -- decision-making -- social mobility -- subjective wellbeing -- urban migration -- urban triumphalism; 关键词 -- 认知偏见和启发式思维 -- 决策 -- 社会流动性 -- 主观幸福感 -- 城市迁移 -- 城市胜利主义; Cities and towns -- Periodicals; City planning -- Periodicals; 307.1216
• DOI: 10.1177/0042098018804762
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0042-0980

Abstract

Despite the many uncertainties of life in cities, promises of economic prosperity, social mobility and happiness have fuelled the imagination of generations of urban migrants in search of a better life. Access to jobs, housing and amenities, and fewer restrictions of personal choices are some of the perceived advantages of cities, characterised here as 'urban promises'. But while discourses celebrating the triumph of cities became increasingly common, urban rewards are not available everywhere and for everyone. Alongside opportunity, cities offer inequality, conflict and poor living conditions. Their narrative of promise has been persistent across different times and places, but the outcomes and experiences of urban life compare poorly with the overoptimistic expectations of many newcomers. And yet, millions still come and stay regardless of odds, raising the question why we have such positive and persistent expectations about cities. To examine this question, this paper considers the process of urban migration from the perspective of decision-making under uncertainty. It discusses how decisions and evaluations are based on imperfect information and offers a novel contribution by examining how the cognitive biases and heuristics which restrict human rationality shape our responses to urban promises. This approach may allow a better understanding of how people make decisions regarding urban migration, how they perceive their urban experiences and evaluate their life stories. We consider the prospects and limitations of the behavioural approach and discuss how biases favouring narratives of bright urban futures can be exploited by 'triumphalist' accounts of cities which neglect their embedded injustices.