Possible Role for Tectonics in the Evolving Stability of the Greenland Ice Sheet. Issue 1 (19th January 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Alley, R. B.; Pollard, D.; Parizek, B. R.; Anandakrishnan, S.; Pourpoint, M.; Stevens, N. T.; MacGregor, J. A.; Christianson, K.; Muto, A.; Holschuh, N.
• Is Part Of: Journal of geophysical research. Volume 124:Issue 1(2019)
• Page Start: 97
• Page End: 115
• Publication Date: 2019-01-19
• Subjects: Greenland -- ice sheet stability -- tectonics -- geothermal flux; Geomorphology -- Periodicals; 551.3
• DOI: 10.1029/2018JF004714
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2169-9003

Abstract

Abstract: The history of the Greenland Ice Sheet has been influenced by the geodynamic response to ice sheet fluctuations, and this interaction may help explain past deglaciations under modest climate forcing. We hypothesize that when the Iceland hot spot passed beneath north‐central Greenland, it thinned the lithosphere and left anomalous heat likely with partially melted rock; however, it did not break through the crust to supply voluminous flood basalts. Subsequent Plio‐Pleistocene glacial‐interglacial cycles caused large and rapidly migrating stresses, driving dike formation and other processes that shifted melted rock toward the surface. The resulting increase in surface geothermal flux favored a thinner, faster‐responding ice sheet that was more prone to deglaciation. If this hypothesis of control through changes in geothermal flux is correct, then the long‐term (10 5 to 10 6 years) trend now is toward lower geothermal flux, but with higher‐frequency (≤10 4 to 10 5 years) oscillations linked to glacial‐interglacial cycles. Whether the geothermal flux is increasing or decreasing now is not known but is of societal relevance due to its possible impact on ice flow. We infer that projections of the future of the ice sheet and its effect on sea level must integrate geologic and geophysical data as well as glaciological, atmospheric, oceanic, and paleoclimatic information. Plain Language Summary: The behavior of the Greenland Ice Sheet and its effect on future sea level depends on its geologic history as well as on greenhouse warming. The Iceland hot spot passed beneath Greenland millions of years ago, and left hot, possibly melted rock deep beneath the island. Since then, growth and shrinkage of the ice sheet have changed stresses in the rocks beneath. These stress changes may have shifted the melted rock upward, perhaps all the way to the base of the ice sheet, probably in pulses tied to times of rapid ice sheet change. This would have changed the heat flow from the Earth into the base of the ice, which affects how easily the ice sheet grows and shrinks. The future of the ice sheet depends primarily on how much the climate warms, but better understanding of the interactions between the ice and the rocks beneath will allow better predictions of ice sheet changes. Key Points: Ice sheet fluctuations affect the lithosphere and asthenosphere Greenland Ice Sheet fluctuations may have extracted melt from the track of the Iceland hot spot Resulting changes in geothermal flux may help explain past and ongoing ice sheet evolution