Easily mineralizable carbon in manure‐based biochar added to a soil influences N2O emissions and microbial‐N cycling genes. (17th December 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Dai, Zhongmin; Li, Yong; Zhang, Xiaojie; Wu, Jianjun; Luo, Yu; Kuzyakov, Yakov; Brookes, Philip C.; Xu, Jianming
• Is Part Of: Land degradation & development. Volume 30:Number 4(2019)
• Page Start: 406
• Page End: 416
• Publication Date: 2018-12-17
• Subjects: denitrification -- manure utilization -- N cycling genes -- nitrification -- red soil; Land degradation -- Periodicals; Soil conservation -- Periodicals; Reclamation of land -- Periodicals; Land use -- Periodicals; Economic development -- Environmental aspects -- Periodicals; 333.7315
• DOI: 10.1002/ldr.3230
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1085-3278

Abstract

Abstract: Manure‐based biochar is an effective amendment to increase both carbon sequestration and the fertility of degraded soils, whereas the responses of N2 O emissions and microbial‐N cycling genes to its application and the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, four biochars were produced under two pyrolysis temperatures (300 and 700°C) and with two organic C extraction procedures (water and acetone extraction). The resulting biochars were either with relative enrichment or depletion in easily mineralizable carbon (EMC) compared with recalcitrant C. We added biochars, with urea and sodium nitrate, to a degraded red soil and incubated the amended soils at moisture levels of 60% and 130% field capacity. All the biochars decreased nitrification gene abundance, that is, amoA. Biochars with EMC had greater stimulatory effects on the abundance of denitrification genes (nirK, nirS, and nosZ) and N2 O emission, regardless of moisture level and N form, compared with biochar without EMC. Biochar‐induced microbial activity, biochar aliphatics, and alkyl groups correlated positively with N2 O emission and denitrification gene abundance. The water dissolved organic C of biochar facilitated the conversion of N2 O to N2, whereas the acetone extractable C fraction postponed the completion of denitrification. In conclusion, the N2 O emission and denitrification gene abundance increased with decreasing biochar aromaticity and increasing EMC content. Our study emphasizes that the EMC supply in manure‐based biochars also importantly mediates soil N2 O emission and microbial N cycling genes, adding to current understanding of influencing factors such as biochar pH, porosity, N availability, and redox property.