A frequency control technique based on decision tree concept by managing thermostatically controllable loads at smart grids. (June 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Eissa, M.M.; Ali, A.A.; Abdel-Latif, K.M.; Al-Kady, A.F.
• Is Part Of: International journal of electrical power & energy systems. Volume 108(2019)
• Page Start: 40
• Page End: 51
• Publication Date: 2019-06
• Subjects: Frequency emergency control -- Smart grids -- Decision tree -- Wide-area power system -- Thermostatically controllable loads; Electrical engineering -- Periodicals; Electric power systems -- Periodicals; Électrotechnique -- Périodiques; Réseaux électriques (Énergie) -- Périodiques; Electric power systems; Electrical engineering; Periodicals; 621.3
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2018.12.037
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0142-0615

Abstract

Highlights: Frequency emergency control system classification and control. Wide area frequency monitoring, protection and control. Growing a decision tree to classify the emergency frequency contingencies. Heat ventilation air conditioning system application in frequency regulation. Abstract: Without a balanced compensation power for connected load demands, the power system frequency may be subjected to a severe drop during a massive loss of generation units. The emergency frequency control system traditionally depends on under-voltage and under-frequency load shedding techniques of power system feeders in cascading steps to control frequency during an emergency. As a result, the power systems suffer from a series of internal and external disturbances, leading to various degrees of blackouts due to the cascading failure effect, which may occur due to the nonlinear dynamic response of frequency at different locations. Smart grids have become a very important trend nowadays. Traditional electric power grids are developed to be smarter, especially with control and protection issues underpinned by advanced measurement and communication technologies. This paper presents a new controlling action to limit the probabilities of disconnecting loaded feeders from power grids due to maloperation of under-frequency load shedding (UFLS) relays. The suggested technique is based on a decision tree algorithm to take an accurate decision for controlling thermostatically controllable loads (TCL). A comparison among the suggested technique, UFLS, and centralised frequency control of TCL is conducted. The proposed technique satisfies a high degree of power system stability, lower cost, and faster response. Moreover, it prevents the operation of the first stage of UFLS relays.