A comparison of biomechanical workload between smartphone and smartwatch while sitting and standing. (April 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Jin, Sangeun; Kim, Minsung; Park, Jihyeon; Jang, Minsung; Chang, Kyuseok; Kim, Daemin
• Is Part Of: Applied ergonomics. Volume 76(2019)
• Page Start: 105
• Page End: 112
• Publication Date: 2019-04
• Subjects: Smartwatch -- Smartphone -- Head flexion; Human engineering -- Periodicals; 620.82
• DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2018.11.009
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0003-6870

Abstract

Abstract: Increasing concerns about musculoskeletal disorders in the upper back arising from excessive daily use of the smartwatch have been widely validated by the rising prevalence of discomfort. This study explored the smartwatch as a potential ergonomic intervention over the smartphone. Fourteen healthy participants completed five tasks (application setting, calling, message typing, message checking and vocal message entry) with smartphone and smartwatch in both sitting and standing postures. The neck-shoulder kinematics and muscle activation levels were monitored to assess the effects of the tasks, devices, and postures. The results indicated greater head flexion, head rotation and shoulder abduction and greater muscle activities for smartwatch use compared to smartphone use, but the performance measure (i.e., elapsed time) was superior for smartwatch use in all tasks except message typing. Collectively, only short and simple tasks such as message checking and application setting should be conducted with the smartwatch. Highlights: Biomechanical workloads of smartphone and smartwatch were examined. Smartwatch showed greater head flexion, head rotation and shoulder abduction. Smartwatch showed greater muscle activities in deltoid and trapezius. Smartwatch showed better performance in application setting and message checking. Smartwatch showed significantly lower subjective discomfort in message checking.