Site-selective protein conjugation at histidine. Issue 2 (19th October 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Peciak, Karolina; Laurine, Emmanuelle; Tommasi, Rita; Choi, Ji-won; Brocchini, Steve
• Is Part Of: Chemical science. Volume 10:Issue 2(2019)
• Page Start: 427
• Page End: 439
• Publication Date: 2018-10-19
• Subjects: Chemistry -- Periodicals; 540.5
• DOI: 10.1039/c8sc03355b
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2041-6520

Abstract

Abstract : Site-selective conjugation generally requires both (i) molecular engineering of the protein of interest to introduce a conjugation site at a defined location and (ii) a site-specific conjugation technology. Abstract : Site-selective conjugation generally requires both (i) molecular engineering of the protein of interest to introduce a conjugation site at a defined location and (ii) a site-specific conjugation technology. Three N-terminal interferon α2-a (IFN) variants with truncated histidine tags were prepared and conjugation was examined using a bis-alkylation reagent, PEG(10kDa) -mono-sulfone3 . A histidine tag comprised of two histidines separated by a glycine (His2 -tag) underwent PEGylation. Two more IFN variants were then prepared with the His2 -tag engineered at different locations in IFN. Another IFN variant was prepared with the His-tag introduced in an α-helix, and required three contiguous histidines to ensure that two histidine residues in the correct conformation would be available for conjugation. Since histidine is a natural amino acid, routine methods of site-directed mutagenesis were used to generate the IFN variants from E. coli in soluble form at titres comparable to native IFN. PEGylation conversions ranged from 28–39%. A single step purification process gave essentially the pure PEG–IFN variant (>97% by RP-HPLC) in high recovery with isolated yields ranging from 21–33%. The level of retained bioactivity was strongly dependent on the site of PEG conjugation. The highest biological activity of 74% was retained for the PEG10 -106(H GH G)-IFN variant which is unprecedented for a PEGylated IFN. The His2 -tag at 106(H GH G)-IFN is engineered at the flexible loop most distant from IFN interaction with its dimeric receptor. The biological activity for the PEG10 -5(H GH )-IFN variant was determined to be 17% which is comparable to other PEGylated IFN conjugates achieved at or near the N-terminus that have been previously described. The lowest retained activity (10%) was reported for PEG10 -120(HHH )-IFN which was prepared as a negative control targeting a IFN site thought to be involved in receptor binding. The presence of two histidines as a His2 -tag to generate a site-selective target for bis-alkylating PEGylation is a feasible approach for achieving site-selective PEGylation. The use of a His2 -tag to strategically engineer a conjugation site in a protein location can result in maximising the retention of the biological activity following protein modification.