Physiological movement disorder-like features during typical motor development. (July 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Kuiper, M.J.; Brandsma, R.; Vrijenhoek, L.; Tijssen, M.A.J.; Burger, H.; Dan, B.; Sival, D.A.
• Is Part Of: European journal of paediatric neurology. Volume 22:Number 4(2018:Jul.)
• Page Start: 595
• Page End: 601
• Publication Date: 2018-07
• Subjects: Movement disorder-like features -- Dyskinesia -- Rating scales -- Children -- Age; Pediatric neurology -- Periodicals; Nervous System Diseases -- Periodicals; Child -- Periodicals; Infant -- Periodicals; Neurologie pédiatrique -- Périodiques; Pediatric neurology; Electronic journals; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 618.928
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2018.03.010
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1090-3798

Abstract

Abstract: Aim: To compare physiological age-relatedness between dyskinesia (dystonia/choreoathetosis), dystonia and ataxia rating scale scores in healthy children. Method: Three movement disorders specialists quantified dyskinetic-like features in healthy children (n = 52; 4–16 years) using the Dyskinesia Impairment Scale (DIS = DIS-choreoathetosis (DIS-C) + DIS-dystonia (DIS-D)). We compared the age-related regression coefficients of the DIS with data processed from previous studies on dystonia and ataxia rating scales (Burke-Fahn-Marsden Movement and Disability Scales (BFMMS and BFMDS) and Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA), International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS) and Brief Ataxia Rating Scale (BARS)). Results: Dyskinetic scores were obtained in 79% (DIS); 65% (DIS-D) and 17% (DIS-C) versus dystonic and ataxic scores in 98% (BFMMS) and 89% (SARA/ICARS/BARS) of the children. Age-related DIS and DIS-D scores (B = −0.90 and 0.77; p < 0.001 ) were correlated with age-related BFMMS scores (B = −0.49; p < 0.001 ; r = 0.87; p < 0.001 ), whereas DIS-C scores were age-independent. Ataxic scores revealed stronger age-related regression coefficients than dyskinetic and dystonic scores (4–8 years; p < 0.05 ). Interpretation: In healthy children, comparison between physiological dyskinesia, dystonia and ataxia rating scale scores revealed: 1. inverse age-relatedness for dystonic and ataxic scores, but not for choreoathetotic scores, 2. interrelated dystonic DIS-D and BFMMS scores, 3. the strongest age-related expression by ataxic scores. In healthy children, these physiological movement disorder-like features are interpreted as an expression of the developing underlying motor centres. Highlights: In healthy children (4–16 years of age): The Dyskinesia Impairment Scale (DIS) total and dystonia (DIS-D) (sub)scales are age-related. DIS-D and BFMMS reveal similar age-related dystonia score profiles. Choreoathetosis subscale scores are sparse and age-independent. The youngest age subgroup (4–8 years) reveals stronger age-relatedness of ataxia than of dystonia rating scale scores. The unique dystonic, ataxic and choreoathetotic score profiles are attributed to the underlying development of the associated motor centres.