Transcriptional effects of cadmium on iron homeostasis differ in calamine accessions of Noccaea caerulescens. (15th November 2018) - Halimaa, Pauliina
Summary: Calamine accessions of the zinc/cadmium/nickel hyperaccumulator, Noccaea caerulescen s, exhibit striking variation in foliar cadmium accumulation in nature. The Ganges accession (GA) from Southern France displays foliar cadmium hyperaccumulation (>1000 μg g −1 DW), whereas the accession La Calamine (LC) from Belgium, with similar local soil metal composition, does not (<100 μg g −1 DW). All calamine accessions are cadmium hypertolerant. To find out the differences between LC and GA in their basic adaptation mechanisms, we bypassed the cadmium excluding phenotype of LC by exposing the plants to 50 μm cadmium in hydroponics, achieving equal cadmium accumulation in the shoots. The iron content increased in the roots of both accessions. GA exhibited significant decreases in manganese and zinc contents in the roots and shoots, approaching those in LC. Altogether 702 genes responded differently to cadmium exposure between the accessions, 157 and 545 in the roots and shoots, respectively. Cadmium‐exposed LC showed a stress response and had decreased levels of a wide range of photosynthesis‐related transcripts. GA showed less changes, mainly exhibiting an iron deficiency‐like response. This included increased expression of genes encoding five iron deficiency‐regulated bHLH transcription factors, ferric reduction oxidase FRO2, iron transporters IRT1 and OPT3, and nicotianamine synthase NAS1, and decreased expression of genes encoding ferritins and NEET (a NEET family iron‐sulfur protein), which is possibly involved in iron transfer, distribution and/or management. The function of the IRT1 gene in the accessions was compared. We conclude that the major difference between the two accessions is in the way they cope with iron under cadmium exposure. Significance statement: Both the cadmium hyperaccumulator and the cadmium excluder Noccaea caerulescens of the 'cabbage' family (Brassicaceae) can have a full capacity to accumulate cadmium under certain conditions, while exhibiting major differences in their transcriptome response. This study highlights the critical importance of understanding the mechanisms of metal accumulation in order to prevent the uptake of toxic metals and maintain proper metal homeostasis in crops cultivated in contaminated soils and also in the increasingly popular hydroponic systems.