Solid snowfall rate estimation using a C‐band radar. (23rd November 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Hassan, Diar; Taylor, Peter A.; Isaac, George A.
• Is Part Of: Meteorological applications. Volume 26:Number 1(2019)
• Page Start: 64
• Page End: 73
• Publication Date: 2018-11-23
• Subjects: radar QPE -- solid snowfall estimation -- transportation; Meteorology -- Periodicals; Meteorological services -- Periodicals; 551.5
• DOI: 10.1002/met.1737
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1350-4827

Abstract

Abstract : Snow water‐equivalent (SWE) estimation is important for meteorologists and hydrologists, but solid snowfall estimation (snow depth) is essential for on‐duty meteorologists, the snow removal authorities and airports. Such an estimation can help meteorologists better quantify solid snowfall amounts and allow them to issue more accurate alerts to designated agencies, cities, municipalities, airports or the public. These agencies and the public are usually more interested in snow depth. Data from the dual‐polarimetric C‐band King City radar (CWKR) near Toronto in Ontario, Canada, and solid snowfall observations from nearby Oakville were used to establish radar‐based solid‐snowfall algorithms. A nonlinear regression analysis method was used to develop two power‐law algorithms to estimate solid snowfall rates (cm/hr): one used reflectivity and the other both reflectivity and differential reflectivity. These algorithms directly determine snowfall rates (which can be translated to snow accumulation on the ground or snow depth), in contrast to the conventional radar‐based technique of estimating the melted snowfall rate (mm/hr), before applying a constant snow–liquid ratio (SLR) to obtain the solid snowfall rate. Both new algorithms were similar at estimating solid snowfall rates and showed far superior results when compared with the one currently used by Environment Canada which uses a constant SLR of 10:1. Although there is no unique SLR for any geographical area, the solid and SWE ground measurements from Oakville suggests a higher SLR (14:1) as a better representative value than that currently assumed. Further validation of the algorithm requires frequent accurate solid snowfall data. Abstract : Geographical location of the King City radar (CWKR) and the Oakville site, both in Ontario, Canada. The two sites are 56 km apart; the radar beam height is about 400 m above ground level (AGL) at a 0.2° elevation angle. © Google Earth 2016