Β-carotene isolated from the marine red alga, Gracillaria sp. potently attenuates the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells by modulating multiple molecular pathways. (January 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Kavalappa, Yogendra Prasad; Udayawara Rudresh, Deepika; Gopal, Sowmya Shree; Haranahalli Shivarudrappa, Arpitha; Stephen, Nimish Mol; Rangiah, Kannan; Ponesakki, Ganesan
• Is Part Of: Journal of functional foods. Volume 52(2019)
• Page Start: 165
• Page End: 176
• Publication Date: 2019-01
• Subjects: Gracillaria sp. -- Hepatocarcinoma cells -- Beta-carotene -- Apoptosis -- Cell survival -- Redox markers; AMD age related macular degeneration -- Akt protein kinase B -- ARE antioxidant responsive element -- BAD bcl-2-associated death promoter -- Bax bcl-2 associated x protein -- BCL-2 B-cell lymphoma 2 -- BSA bovine serum albumin -- CD-36 cluster of differentiation 36 -- DAPI 4′, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole -- DCFH-DA 2′, 7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate -- DMEM dulbecco's modified eagle's medium -- DMSO di-methyl sulphoxide -- ERK extracellular signal regulated kinases -- FBS fetal bovine serum -- HBV hepatitis B virus -- HCV hepatitis C virus -- HCC hepatocellular carcinoma -- HDFa adult human dermal fibroblast -- HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line -- HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cell line -- HO-1 heme oxigenase 1 -- HT-29 human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line -- MAPK mitogen activated protein kinase -- MCF-7 michigan cancer foundation 7/breast cancer cell line -- MMP mitochondrial membrane potential -- MTT 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide -- NF-kB nuclear factor kappa B -- NPCIL-1 Niemann-Pick C1-like protein 1 -- Nrf-2 nuclearerythroid 2 related factor 2 -- PARP poly-ADP-ribose polymerase -- PI3K phospho inositol 3 kinase -- ROS reactive oxygen species -- SOD-2 superoxide dismutase 2 -- SR-B1 scavenger receptor of the B class type 1; Functional foods -- Analysis -- Periodicals; Food -- Biotechnology -- Periodicals; Nutrition -- Periodicals; 613.2
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.11.015
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1756-4646

Abstract

Graphical abstract: Highlights: Beta-carotene at low concentrations effectively inhibits the growth of HepG2 cells. Its inhibitory effect is linked with altered cell survival, redox and apoptosis signals. Dietary levels of β-carotene might be more advantageous in preventing liver cancer. Abstract: There remains a remarkable controversy on the anti-cancer stand of β-carotene specifically when high concentrations are used. This study aimed to examine the growth inhibitory effect of the lower concentrations of β-carotene in HepG2 cells. Beta-carotene purified from Gracillaria sp. inhibited viability of HepG2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. This growth inhibitory effect was well correlated with increased apoptotic cell death. Apoptosis induction by β-carotene was associated with increased caspase-3 activity and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential. Western blot analysis showed a significant decrease in the expression of Bcl-2, PARP, and NF-kB protein, and an increase in the protein expression of Bax. Beta-carotene also blocked the activation of intracellular growth signaling proteins, Akt and ERK1/2. Further, it down-regulated the expression of endogenous antioxidant enzymes, SOD-2 and HO-1, and its transactivation factor, Nrf-2. The current study emphasizes the role of β-carotene as an effective inhibitor of the growth of hepatocarcinoma cell.