A retrospective study on the crestal bone loss associated with different implant surfaces in chronic periodontitis patients under maintenance. Issue 6 (17th April 2018) - Gallego, Luis
Abstract: Objective: To analyze retrospectively interproximal crestal bone loss (CBL) on external‐hex "non‐identical" (NI) dental implants with different surface topography, when placed in the same intra‐oral location in patients with a history of chronic periodontitis following maintenance care. Material and methods: The patient population consisted of 206 consecutive patients with a history of chronic periodontitis who underwent implant surgery between 2007 and 2010; 755 NI implants with different implant surfaces were placed at posterior mandibular sites: 72 machined, 145 acid‐etched/machined (hybrid), and 538 anodized. Crestal bone loss measurements were carried out analyzing the calibrated digital X‐rays taken at 1‐year intervals as part of the maintenance program, being the time of this retrospective examination from 1 to 3 years. Results: At 3 years (51 patients), the mean CBL was 1.36/1.35 mm at implant/patient level (range: 0–6 mm). A higher CBL was observed at anodized surface implants, when compared to machined and hybrid implants, being the mean CBL 1.48, 0.96, and 0.77 mm, respectively ( p = .005). CBL between 2 and 3.9 mm was found in 10.6% of the implants at 3 years (95% CI: 6%–15%), ≥4 mm in 5% (95% CI: 2%–8%). Anodized surface implants had CBL >2 mm at 2 years of 9% (95% CI: 6%–12%) and at 3 years of 18% (95% CI: 12%–24%), which were 2.5 times higher than hybrid implants with 3.6% (95% CI: 0.8%–4%) and 7.4% (95% CI: 0%–17%), respectively. Conclusions: A higher CBL was observed in the anodized surface implants group, when compared to the hybrid implants group in patients with a history of chronic periodontitis followed during 1–3 years.