Beneficial effects of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors for preservation of pancreatic β‐cell function and reduction of insulin resistance: 钠‐葡萄糖共转运体2抑制剂对保护胰腺β细胞功能以及降低胰岛素抵抗的有益影响. (1st December 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Kaneto, Hideaki; Obata, Atsushi; Kimura, Tomohiko; Shimoda, Masashi; Okauchi, Seizo; Shimo, Naoki; Matsuoka, Taka‐aki; Kaku, Kohei
• Is Part Of: Journal of diabetes. Volume 9:Number 3(2017:Jul.)
• Page Start: 219
• Page End: 225
• Publication Date: 2016-12-01
• Subjects: insulin resistance -- pancreatic β‐cells -- sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors; 胰岛素抵抗, 胰腺β细胞, 钠‐葡萄糖共转运体2抑制剂; Diabetes -- Periodicals; 618.3646005
• DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12494
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1753-0393

Abstract

Abstract: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by insulin resistance in various insulin target tissues, such as the liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle, and insufficient insulin secretion from pancreatic β‐cells. Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, which are newly developed antidiabetic agents, decrease blood glucose levels by enhancing urinary glucose excretion and thereby function in an insulin‐independent manner. Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors exert beneficial effects to reduce insulin resistance and preserve pancreatic β‐cell function. In addition, SGLT2 inhibitors exhibit a variety of beneficial effects in various insulin target tissues, such as amelioration of fatty liver, reduction of visceral fat mass, and increasing glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. Furthermore, SGLT2 inhibitors protect pancreatic β‐cells against glucose toxicity and preserve insulin secretory capacity. Together, these observations indicate that SGLT2 inhibitors are promising newly developed antidiabetic agents that are gaining attention in both clinical medicine and basic research. Highlights: Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors ameliorate hyperglycemia by increasing urinary glucose excretion and thereby function in an insulin‐independent manner. In addition, SGLT2 inhibitors exert beneficial effects to reduce insulin resistance in various insulin target tissues, such as the liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle, and protect pancreatic β‐cell function against glucose toxicity. Beneficial effects of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in reducing insulin resistance. Reduction of renal glucose reabsorption with SGLT2 inhibitors leads to a reduction in excessive insulin secretion. This reduced insulin secretion has various beneficial effects on insulin target tissues. In the liver, β‐oxidation and gluconeogenesis are increased and lipogenesis and the triglyceride (TG) content are decreased. In adipose tissue, lipolysis is increased and cell size and fat mass are decreased. In skeletal muscle, TG content is decreased and glucose uptake is increased. These changes in the insulin target tissues lead to reduced insulin resistance in the whole body.