Prevalence of rotavirus and rapid changes in circulating rotavirus strains among children with acute diarrhea in China, 2009–2015. Issue 1 (January 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Yu, Jianxing; Lai, Shengjie; Geng, Qibin; Ye, Chuchu; Zhang, Zike; Zheng, Yaming; Wang, Liping; Duan, Zhaojun; Zhang, Jing; Wu, Shuyu; Parashar, Umesh; Yang, Weizhong; Liao, Qiaohong; Li, Zhongjie
• Is Part Of: Journal of infection. Volume 78:Issue 1(2019)
• Page Start: 66
• Page End: 74
• Publication Date: 2019-01
• Subjects: Rotavirus -- Children -- Prevalence -- Diarrhea -- Sentinel Surveillance; Infection -- Periodicals; Bacterial Infections -- Periodicals; Communicable Diseases -- Periodicals; Electronic journals; 616.905
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2018.07.004
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0163-4453

Abstract

Highlights: The rotavirus universal immunization program has not been introduced in China. The burden of diarrhea attributed to rotavirus is substantially high. Children living in urban areas of lower-middle-income regions had the highest burden of rotavirus. Genotype G9P[8] has rapidly evolved to be the dominant rotavirus strain in recent years. The study highlights the importance of conducting rotavirus strain surveillance. Summary: Background: Rotavirus is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in young children worldwide. In China, the universal immunization of children with the rotavirus vaccine has not been introduced, and the two globally distributed vaccines (RotaTeq and Rotarix) are not licensed in the country. We aim to determine the prevalence and strain diversity of rotavirus in children with diarrhea aged ≤ five years across China. Materials and methods: Sentinel-based surveillance of acute diarrhea was conducted at 213 participating hospitals in China from January 1, 2009, through December 31, 2015. Group A rotavirus (RVA) was tested by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and G- and P-genotype of RVA were tested by RT-PCR methods. Results: Of 33, 616 children with diarrhea, 10, 089 (30%) were positive for RVA; RVA-associated diarrhea was identified in 2247 (39.5%, n = 2247/5685) inpatients and 7842 (28.1%, n = 7842/27931) outpatients. Children living in low-middle-income regions suffered from the highest burden of rotavirus, with 40.7% of diarrhea cases attributed to rotavirus infection, followed by 31.3% in upper-middle-income and 11.2% in high-income regions. The majority of children (88.9%, n = 8976/10089) who tested positive for RVA were children aged ≤ 2 years. The seasonal peak of RVA was in the winter. Among all 2533 RVA strains genotyped, five strain combinations, G9P[8], G3P[8], G1P[8], G2P[4] and G3P[4], contributed to 71.3% (1807/2533) of the RVA-associated diarrhea cases. The predominant strain of RVA has rapidly evolved from G3P[8] and G1P[8] to G9P[8] in the recent years, with the proportion of G9P[8] having increased remarkably from 3.4% in 2009 to 60.9% in 2015. Conclusions: The burden of diarrhea attributed to rotavirus is high in China, highlighting the potential value of vaccination. The rapid shift of RVA strains highlights the importance of conducting rotavirus surveillance to ensure that currently marketed vaccines provide protective efficacy against the circulating strains.