Ductility contrast induced by silicification in pelitic schist of the Ryoke metamorphic belt, Japan. (November 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Mateen, Tayyaba; Yamamoto, Hiroshi; Rehman, Hafiz Ur; Terabayashi, Masaru
• Is Part Of: Journal of structural geology. Volume 80(2015:Nov.)
• Page Start: 38
• Page End: 46
• Publication Date: 2015-11
• Subjects: Ryoke metamorphic belt -- Pelitic schist -- Silicification -- Quartz veins -- Bright spot; Geology, Structural -- Periodicals; Géomorphologie structurale -- Périodiques; Geology, Structural; Periodicals; 551.805
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jsg.2015.08.009
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0191-8141

Abstract

Abstract: Contrasting ductility is recognized in the rocks of Cretaceous Ryoke metamorphic belt in Iwakuni area, southwest Japan. Pelitic schist is ubiquitous in the region and differences in mineral assemblages mark increase in metamorphic grade. The area has been graded as chlorite-biotite zone in the north progressing into biotite- and muscovite-cordierite zones in the south. Pelitic schist near the boundary between the biotite- and muscovite-cordierite zones has undergone partial silicification to form whitish silicified schist layers which contain two types of quartz veins: those parallel to foliation in the host rock are called schistosity-concordant veins, and those inclined to host rock foliation, schistosity-discordant veins. In this study we examined the quartz structure in the silicified schist and in both types of veins to understand the ductility contrast induced by the silicification process. Crystallographic orientations of quartz in the veins and silicified schist rocks were studied using the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) based Electron Back Scatter Diffraction (EBSD) technique. Quartz c-axis orientations in the silicified schist are nearly random, demonstrating an absence of post-silicification ductile deformation. Quartz grains in the schistosity-concordant veins have preferred c-axis orientations perpendicular to the schistosity indicating ductile shortening. In contrast, schistosity-discordant veins display distinct quartz c-axis fabric than that found in the schistosity-concordant veins. This is because the two types of host rocks exhibit a difference in ductility during deformation. The presence of deformed quartz veins in the undeformed silicified schist indicates transformation of the ductile pelitic schist into the brittle silicified schist at mid-crustal levels where these rocks originate, hence forming contrasting rock layers. Schistosity-concordant veins in the biotite-rich pelitic schist deformed with its host rock in a ductile manner while the schistosity-discordant veins in the neighboring silicified schist were left intact. Silicification of the pelitic schist may have been caused by the silica-rich geofluids produced by subsurface processes. Geofluids responsible for the occurrence of such mechanically contrasting layers mark an increase in seismic reflectivity at mid-crustal depths and may be potential reflectors of seismic waves giving rise to the so-called "bright spots". Highlights: Pelitic schist and its silicified equivalent from the Ryoke metamorphic belt (SW Japan) were studied for ductility contrast. Quartz veins hosted in the two types of schist exhibit contrasting behaviour during ductile deformation. Microstructural data obtained using various techniques was used for interpreting the differences in extent of deformation. Silicification is merely a chemical process that may alter the mechanical properties of rocks.