Highly conductive ZnO films with high near infrared transparency. (24th February 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Hála, Matěj; Fujii, Shohei; Redinger, Alex; Inoue, Yukari; Rey, Germain; Thevenin, Maxime; Deprédurand, Valérie; Weiss, Thomas Paul; Bertram, Tobias; Siebentritt, Susanne
• Is Part Of: Progress in photovoltaics. Volume 23:Number 11(2015)
• Page Start: 1630
• Page End: 1641
• Publication Date: 2015-02-24
• Subjects: TCO -- ZnO, thin film solar cells -- kesterites -- chalcogenides -- near infrared transparency; Solar cells -- Periodicals; Photovoltaic cells -- Periodicals; Solar power plants -- Periodicals; 621.31245
• DOI: 10.1002/pip.2601
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1062-7995

Abstract

Abstract: We present an approach for deposition of highly conductive nominally undoped ZnO films that are suitable for the n‐type window of low band gap solar cells. We demonstrate that low‐voltage radio frequency (RF) biasing of growing ZnO films during their deposition by non‐reactive sputtering makes them as conductive as when doped by aluminium ( ρ ≤1·10 −3 Ω cm). The films prepared with additional RF biasing possess lower free‐carrier concentration and higher free‐carrier mobility than Al‐doped ZnO (AZO) films of the same resistivity, which results in a substantially higher transparency in the near infrared region (NIR). Furthermore, these films exhibit good ambient stability and lower high‐temperature stability than the AZO films of the same thickness. We also present the characteristics of Cu(InGa)Se2, CuInSe2 and Cu2 ZnSnSe4 ‐based solar cells prepared with the transparent window bilayer formed of the isolating and conductive ZnO films and compare them to their counterparts with a standard ZnO/AZO bilayer. We show that the solar cells with nominally undoped ZnO as their transparent conductive oxide layer exhibit an improved quantum efficiency for λ > 900 nm, which leads to a higher short circuit current density J SC . This aspect is specifically beneficial in preparation of the Cu2 ZnSnSe4 solar cells with band gap down to 0.85 eV; our champion device reached a J SC of nearly 39 mAcm −2, an open circuit voltage of 378mV, and a power conversion efficiency of 8.4 %. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Abstract : We show that radio frequency biasing of growing ZnO films during non‐reactive sputter deposition makes them as conductive as when doped by aluminium. These nominally undoped 'b‐ZnO'films possess lower free‐carrier concentration and higher free‐carrier mobility, and thus a substantially higher transparency in near infrared region (NIR) than Al‐doped ZnO (AZO)films. Their application as window layers improves the short circuit current and the power conversion efficiency of solar cells with the absorption edge around 1 eV.