Identification of Hypotensive Emergency Department Patients with Cardiogenic Etiologies. Issue 2 (February 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Henning, Daniel J.; Kearney, Kathleen E.; Hall, Michael Kennedy; Mahr, Claudius; Shapiro, Nathan I.; Nichol, Graham
• Is Part Of: Shock. Volume 49:Issue 2(2018)
• Publication Date: 2018-02
• Subjects: Cardiogenic -- emergency department -- shock; Shock -- Periodicals; Shock -- Periodicals; Choc (Pathologie) -- Périodiques; Shock; Periodicals; 616.0475
• DOI: 10.1097/SHK.0000000000000945
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1073-2322

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Objective: Identify predictors of cardiogenic etiology among emergency department (ED) patients with hypotension, and use these predictors to create a clinical tool to discern cardiogenic etiology of hypotension. Methods: This secondary analysis evaluated a prospective cohort of consecutive patients with hypotension in an urban, academic, tertiary care ED from November 2012 to September 2013. We included adults with hypotension, defined as a new vasopressor requirement, systolic blood pressure (SBP) < 90 mm Hg after at least 1 L of crystalloid or 2 units packed red blood cells, or SBP < 90 mm Hg and fluids withheld due to concern for fluid overload. The primary outcome was cardiogenic etiology, adjudicated by two physician chart review, with 25% paired chart review (kappa = 0.92). We used multivariable logistic regression to predict cardiogenic etiology, utilizing clinical data abstracted from the electronic medical record. We created a prediction score from significant covariates and calculated its test characteristics for cardiogenic hypotension. Results: Of 700 patients with hypotension, 107 (15.3%, 95% CI: 12.6%–18.0%) had cardiogenic etiology. Independent predictors of cardiogenic etiology were shortness of breath (OR 4.1, 95% CI: 2.5–6.7), troponin > 0.1 ng/mL (37.5, 7.1–198.2), electrocardiographic ischemia (8.9, 4.0–19.8), history of heart failure (2.0, 1.1–3.3), and absence of fever (4.5, 2.3–8.7) (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.83). The prediction score created from these predictors yielded 78% sensitivity and 77% specificity for cardiogenic etiology (AUC = 0.827). Conclusions: Clinical predictors offer reasonable ED screening sensitivity for cardiogenic hypotension, while demonstrating sufficient specificity to facilitate early cardiac interventions. Abstract : Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text