Autonomous cars: The tension between occupant experience and intersection capacity. (March 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Le Vine, Scott; Zolfaghari, Alireza; Polak, John
• Is Part Of: Transportation research. Volume 52(2015)
• Page Start: 1
• Page End: 14
• Publication Date: 2015-03
• Subjects: Autonomous car -- Occupant experience -- Productive use of travel time -- Road capacity; Transportation -- Periodicals; Transportation -- Technological innovations -- Periodicals; 388.011
• DOI: 10.1016/j.trc.2015.01.002
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0968-090X

Abstract

Highlights: Autonomous cars are expected to increase road network capacity and reduce the disutility of travel time. We employ traffic microsimulation techniques to jointly analyze these issues. We show that under certain circumstances these benefits may be in conflict. Abstract: Systems that enable high levels of vehicle-automation are now beginning to enter the commercial marketplace. Road vehicles capable of operating independently of real-time human control under an increasing set of circumstances will likely become more widely available in the near future. Such vehicles are expected to bring a variety of benefits. Two such anticipated advantages (relative to human-driver vehicle control) are said to be increased road network capacity and the freeing up of the driver-occupant's time to engage in their choice of leisurely or economically-productive (non-driving) tasks. In this study we investigate the implications for intersection capacity and level-of-service of providing occupants of automated (without real-time human control), autonomously-operating (without vehicle-to-X communication) cars with ride quality that is equivalent (in terms of maximum rates of longitudinal and lateral acceleration) to two types of rail systems: [urban] light rail transit and [inter-urban] high-speed rail. The literature suggests that car passengers start experiencing discomfort at lower rates of acceleration than car drivers; it is therefore plausible that occupants of an autonomously-operating vehicle may wish to instruct their vehicle to maneuver in a way that provides them greater ride comfort than if the vehicle-control algorithm simply mimicked human-driving-operation. On the basis of traffic microsimulation analysis, we found that restricting the dynamics of autonomous cars to the acceleration/deceleration characteristics of both rail systems leads to reductions in a signalized intersection's vehicle-processing capacity and increases in delay. The impacts were found to be larger when constraining the autonomous cars' dynamics to the more-restrictive acceleration/deceleration profile of high-speed rail. The scenarios we analyzed must be viewed as boundary conditions, because autonomous cars' dynamics were by definition never allowed to exceed the acceleration/deceleration constraints of the rail systems. Appropriate evidence regarding motorists' preferences does not exist at present; establishing these preferences is an important item for the future research agenda. This paper concludes with a brief discussion of research needs to advance this line of inquiry.