On wealth and the diversity of friendships: High social class people around the world have fewer international friends. (December 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Yearwood, Maurice H.; Cuddy, Amy; Lamba, Nishtha; Youyou, Wu; van der Lowe, Ilmo; Piff, Paul K.; Gronin, Charles; Fleming, Pete; Simon-Thomas, Emiliana; Keltner, Dacher; Spectre, Aleksandr
• Is Part Of: Personality and individual differences. Volume 87(2015)
• Page Start: 224
• Page End: 229
• Publication Date: 2015-12
• Subjects: Friendships -- Social class -- Internationalism; Personality -- Periodicals; Individuality -- Periodicals; Individuality -- Periodicals; Personality Development -- Periodicals; Personnalité -- Périodiques; Individualité -- Périodiques; 155.205
• DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2015.07.040
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0191-8869

Abstract

Abstract: Having international social ties carries many potential advantages, including access to novel ideas and greater commercial opportunities. Yet little is known about who forms more international friendships. Here, we propose social class plays a key role in determining people's internationalism. We conducted two studies to test whether social class is related positively to internationalism (the building social class hypothesis ) or negatively to internationalism (the restricting social class hypothesis ). In Study 1, we found that among individuals in the United States, social class was negatively related to percentage of friends on Facebook that are outside the United States. In Study 2, we extended these findings to the global level by analyzing country-level data on Facebook friends formed in 2011 (nearly 50 billion friendships) across 187 countries. We found that people from higher social class countries (as indexed by GDP per capita) had lower levels of internationalism—that is, they made more friendships domestically than abroad. Highlights: We examine whether social class plays an important role in international friendships. Two studies were conducted on a micro and macro level using friends on Facebook. Social class (U.S. sample) was negatively related to friendships outside the U.S. People from higher social class countries had lower levels of international friendships.