Involvement of Bacteria Other Than Clostridium difficile in Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhoea. Issue 6 (June 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Larcombe, Sarah; Hutton, Melanie L.; Lyras, Dena
• Is Part Of: Trends in microbiology. Volume 24:Issue 6(2016)
• Page Start: 463
• Page End: 476
• Publication Date: 2016-06
• Subjects: antibiotic-associated diarrhoea -- bacteria -- antibiotics -- antibiotic resistance; Microbiology -- Periodicals; Infection -- Periodicals; Virulence (Microbiology) -- Periodicals; Infection -- Periodicals; Microbiology -- Periodicals; Virulence -- Periodicals; Microbiologie -- Périodiques; Infection -- Périodiques; Virulence (Microbiologie) -- Périodiques; Infection; Microbiology; Virulence (Microbiology); 579
• DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2016.02.001
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0966-842X

Abstract

Abstract : Antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (AAD) is a common and unintended consequence of antibiotic use. Clostridium difficile is the most common infectious aetiology of AAD; however, only approximately 25% of all AAD cases are associated with C. difficile infection, with the aetiology in the majority of cases remaining undetermined. Numerous other bacterial infectious agents have been implicated in AAD, including Clostridium perfringens, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella oxytoca . AAD is a complex disease that is influenced by the host, the infectious agent involved, and numerous clinical factors, including antibiotic treatment regimes. This review re-examines AAD and presents current perspectives on this disease, with a particular focus on the current understanding of bacterial causes other than C. difficile and the virulence factors involved in pathogenesis. Video Abstract: Trends: C. difficile is the main infectious cause of AAD but only causes up to 25% of all cases. In the majority of AAD cases, no infectious aetiology can be determined, suggesting unknown infectious or noninfectious causes. C. perfringens, S. aureus, and K. oxytoca have been identified as other infectious causes of AAD. However, due to inadequate screening and epidemiological analysis, data supporting the prevalence of non- C. difficile bacterial pathogens in AAD is lacking. Clinical and research efforts have begun to examine non- C. difficile AAD pathogens. This has included specific mechanisms relating to gut dysbiosis, bacterial pathogenesis, and the host response in AAD. This increased understanding of AAD will undoubtedly lead to better clinical outcomes.