Mechanisms of (photo)toxicity of TiO2 nanomaterials (NM103, NM104, NM105): using high-throughput gene expression in Enchytraeus crypticus. Issue 46 (16th November 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Gomes, Susana I. L.; Roca, Carlos P.; von der Kammer, Frank; Scott-Fordsmand, Janeck J.; Amorim, Mónica J. B.
• Is Part Of: Nanoscale. Volume 10:Issue 46(2018)
• Page Start: 21960
• Page End: 21970
• Publication Date: 2018-11-16
• Subjects: Nanoscience -- Periodicals; Nanotechnology -- Periodicals; 620.505
• DOI: 10.1039/c8nr03251c
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2040-3364

Abstract

Abstract : The photoactivity of TiO2 plays a major role in TiO2 toxicity, triggering specific mechanisms of response. Abstract : Titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) based nanomaterials (NMs) are among the most produced NMs worldwide. When irradiated with light, particularly UV, TiO2 is photoactive, a property that is explored for several purposes. There are an increasing number of reports on the negative effects of photoactivated TiO2 on non-target organisms. We have here studied the effect of a suite of reference type TiO2 NMs ( i.e. NM103, NM104, and NM105 and compared these to the bulk) with and without UV radiation to the oligochaete Enchytraeus crypticus . High-throughput gene expression was used to assess the molecular mechanisms, while also anchoring it to the known effects at the organism level ( i.e., reproduction). Results showed that the photoactivity of TiO2 (UV exposed) played a major role in enhancing TiO2 toxicity, activating the transcription of oxidative stress, lysosome damage and apoptosis mechanisms. For non-UV activated TiO2, where toxicity at the organism level (reproduction) was lower, results showed potential for long-term effects ( i.e., mutagenic and epigenetic). NM specific mechanisms were identified: NM103 affected transcription and translation, NM104_UV negatively affected the reproductive system/organs, and NM105_UV activated superoxide anion response. Results provided mechanistic information on UV-related phototoxicity of TiO2 materials and evidence for the potential long-term effects.