Efficient flexible printed perovskite solar cells based on lead acetate precursor. (December 2018) - Kamaraki, Christina
Highlights: Flexible perovskite solar cells were printed using lead acetate as precursor. The effect of the processing temperature was investigated. The effect of PCBM layer thickness was correlated with the device performance. We report an average efficiency of 5% and a maximum efficiency of 6.5%. Abstract: The impressive increase of power conversion efficiency of hybrid perovskites within a few years has made perovskites one of the most promising materials for photovoltaic applications. However, the route to their commercialization necessitates the establishment of reliable and reproducible large–area fabrication of high efficient perovskite-based solar cells. In this paper, we report the fabrication of flexible, printed, lead acetate – based perovskite solar cells under ambient conditions by slot–die coating. The adoption of lead acetate as a precursor ensured the fast crystallization of the perovskite by one–step deposition method, without a further annealing step, suggesting a rapid and low–temperature procedure. The optimization of the processing temperature and the thickness of PCBM layer were proved to be key factors for device performance. The crystal formation of perovskite was confirmed by X-Ray Diffraction and the thickness values of each layer of the inverted device structure were derived by Spectroscopic Ellipsometry. Moreover, Atomic Force Microscopy verified the low value of roughness of perovskite film along with the effective planarization of PC60 BM layer. Finally, we report a reproducible, scalable, Roll–to–Roll compatible fabrication process of efficient perovskite solar cells exhibiting performance up to 6.5%.