The Unprecedented Versatility of the Plant‎ Thioredoxin System. (March 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Geigenberger, Peter; Thormählen, Ina; Daloso, Danilo M.; Fernie, Alisdair R.
• Is Part Of: Trends in plant science. Volume 22:Number 3(2017)
• Page Start: 249
• Page End: 262
• Publication Date: 2017-03
• Subjects: Botany -- Periodicals; Botanique -- Périodiques; Botany; Periodicals; 580.5
• DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2016.12.008
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1360-1385

Abstract

Abstract : Thioredoxins are ubiquitous enzymes catalyzing reversible disulfide-bond formation to regulate structure and function of many proteins in diverse organisms. In recent years, reverse genetics and biochemical approaches were used to resolve the functions, specificities, and interactions of the different thioredoxin isoforms and reduction systems in planta and revealed the most versatile thioredoxin system of all organisms. Here we review the emerging roles of the thioredoxin system, namely the integration of thylakoid energy transduction, metabolism, gene expression, growth, and development under fluctuating environmental conditions. We argue that these new developments help us to understand why plants organize such a divergent composition of thiol redox networks and provide insights into the regulatory hierarchy that operates between them. Trends: A complex cellular network of thioredoxin (Trx) isoforms and reduction pathways, in various organelles, enables plants to cope with fluctuating environments by integrating energy transduction, metabolism, gene expression, and growth. The chloroplast contains two different thiol-redox systems, and a joint operation seems indispensable for light acclimation and photoautotrophic growth of plants. The extraplastidial Trxs have been shown to be important in the regulation of different processes such as seed germination, seedling establishment, C, N, and mitochondrial metabolism as well as for plant stress tolerance. Recent evidence suggests that the mitochondrial Trx system regulates the metabolic flux through the tricarboxylic acid cycle in vivo, being of similar importance as the corresponding system in the plastid. The map of possible Trx-targets from each subcellular compartment is rapidly increasing.