Strategies, models and biomarkers in experimental non-alcoholic fatty liver disease research. (July 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Willebrords, Joost; Pereira, Isabel Veloso Alves; Maes, Michaël; Crespo Yanguas, Sara; Colle, Isabelle; Van Den Bossche, Bert; Da Silva, Tereza Cristina; de Oliveira, Cláudia Pinto Marques Souza; Andraus, Wellington; Alves, Venâncio Avancini; Cogliati, Bruno; Vinken, Mathieu
• Is Part Of: Progress in lipid research. Volume 59(2015:Jul.)
• Page Start: 106
• Page End: 125
• Publication Date: 2015-07
• Subjects: ACS acyl-coenzyme A synthase -- adipoR adiponectin receptor -- ADP adenosine diphosphate -- AP2diph attenuated P2 diphtheria toxin -- AOX acyl-coenzyme A oxidase -- ApoE apolipoprotein E -- ATP adenosine triphosphate -- CBS cystathionine-β-synthase -- CD36 cluster of differentiation 36 -- CoA coenzyme A -- CPT1 carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 -- CYP cytochrome P450 -- DNA deoxyribonucleic acid -- FAD oxidized flavin adenine dinucleotide -- FADH2 reduced flavin adenine dinucleotide -- FFAs free fatty acids -- FXR farnesoid x receptor -- Gal galectin -- HCC hepatocellular carcinoma -- HFD high-fat diet -- IL-6 interleukine-6 -- IMS intermembrane space -- IR insulin resistance -- LDL low density lipoprotein -- LDs lipid droplets -- MA macrovesicular steatosis -- MAT methionine adenosyl transferase -- MC4 melanocortin 4 -- MCD methionine and choline-deficient diet -- MI microvesicular steatosis -- (micro)RNA (micro)ribonucleic acid -- MPT mitochondrial permeability transition -- MRC mitochondrial respiratory chain -- MTP mitochondrial trifunctional protein -- MTTP mitochondrial triglyceride transfer protein -- NAD oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide -- NADH reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide -- NAFLD non-alcoholic fatty liver disease -- NASH non-alcoholic steatohepatitis -- PC phosphatidylcholine -- PECAM platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule -- PNPLA patatin-like phospholipid domain-containing protein -- PPAR peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor -- PTEN hepatocyte-specific phosphatase and tensin homolog -- SREBP sterol regulatory-element binding protein -- TGs triglycerides -- VLDL very low density lipoproteins -- VPA valproic acid; Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease -- Steatosis -- Models -- Drugs -- Biomarkers; Lipids -- Periodicals; Lipids -- Periodicals; Lipides -- Périodiques; Lipiden; 572.57
• DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2015.05.002
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0163-7827

Abstract

Abstract: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease encompasses a spectrum of liver diseases, including simple steatosis, steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis and cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is currently the most dominant chronic liver disease in Western countries due to the fact that hepatic steatosis is associated with insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, metabolic syndrome and drug-induced injury. A variety of chemicals, mainly drugs, and diets is known to cause hepatic steatosis in humans and rodents. Experimental non-alcoholic fatty liver disease models rely on the application of a diet or the administration of drugs to laboratory animals or the exposure of hepatic cell lines to these drugs. More recently, genetically modified rodents or zebrafish have been introduced as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease models. Considerable interest now lies in the discovery and development of novel non-invasive biomarkers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, with specific focus on hepatic steatosis. Experimental diagnostic biomarkers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, such as (epi)genetic parameters and '-omics'-based read-outs are still in their infancy, but show great promise. In this paper, the array of tools and models for the study of liver steatosis is discussed. Furthermore, the current state-of-art regarding experimental biomarkers such as epigenetic, genetic, transcriptomic, proteomic and metabonomic biomarkers will be reviewed.