Protective effects of low molecular weight chondroitin sulfate on amyloid beta (Aβ)-induced damage in vitro and in vivo. (1st October 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Zhang, Q.; Li, J.; Liu, C.; Song, C.; Li, P.; Yin, F.; Xiao, Y.; Li, J.; Jiang, W.; Zong, A.; Zhang, X.; Wang, F.
• Is Part Of: Neuroscience. Volume 305(2015)
• Page Start: 169
• Page End: 182
• Publication Date: 2015-10-01
• Subjects: AChE acetylcholinesterase -- AD Alzheimer's disease -- Aβ amyloid beta -- BCA bicinchoninic acid -- CCK-8 Cell Counting Kit-8 -- ChAT choline acetyltransferase -- CS chondroitin sulfate -- CS-C chondroitin sulfate C -- DCFH-DA 2, 7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate -- DMEM Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium -- ECM extracellular matrix -- EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid -- FBS fetal bovine serum -- GAGs glycosaminoglycans -- GSH-Px glutathione peroxidase -- HE hematoxylin and eosin -- HRP horseradish peroxidase -- LMWCS low molecular weight chondroitin sulfate -- LMWHs low molecular weight heparins -- MDA malondialdehyde -- MMP mitochondrial membrane potential -- MTT 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide -- MWM Morris Water Maze -- OFT open field test -- PGs proteoglycans -- ROS reactive oxygen species -- SOD superoxide dismutase; low molecular weight chondroitin sulfate (LMWCS) -- Alzheimer's disease (AD) -- amyloid beta protein (Aβ) -- neuroprotection; Neurochemistry -- Periodicals; Neurophysiology -- Periodicals; Neurology -- Periodicals; Neurochimie -- Périodiques; Neurophysiologie -- Périodiques; Neurochemistry; Neurophysiology; Electronic journals; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 612.8
• DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.08.002
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0306-4522

Abstract

Graphical abstract: Highlights: LMWCS protected nerve injury induced by amyloid beta (Aβ) in vitro and in vivo . LMWCS reduced cellular damage in vitro and improved the memory loss of mice in vivo . LMWCS blocked Aβ-associated neurotoxicity by inhibiting apoptosis. Abstract: In the present study, we investigated the effects of low molecular weight chondroitin sulfate (LMWCS) on amyloid beta (Aβ)-induced neurotoxicity in vitro and in vivo . The in vitro results showed that LMWCS blocked Aβ25 – 35 -induced cell viability loss and apoptosis, decreased intracellular calcium concentration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) depolarization, and the protein expression of Caspase-3. During in vivo experiments, LMWCS improved the cognitive impairment induced by Aβ1–40, increased the level of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and decreased the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the mouse brain. Moreover, LMWCS decreased the density of pyramidal cells of CA1 regions, and suppressed the protein expression of Bax/Bcl-2 and Caspase-3, -9 in the hippocampus of mice. In conclusion, LMWCS possessed neuroprotective properties against toxic effects induced by Aβ peptides both in vitro and in vivo, which might be related to anti-apoptotic activity. LMWCS might be a useful preventive and therapeutic compound for Alzheimer's disease.