Photothrombosis combined with thrombin injection establishes a rat model of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. (15th October 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Chen, C.; Wang, Q.; Gao, Y.; Lu, Z.; Cui, X.; Zheng, T.; Liu, Y.; Li, X.; He, X.; Zhang, X.; Duan, C.; Li, T.
• Is Part Of: Neuroscience. Volume 306(2015)
• Page Start: 39
• Page End: 49
• Publication Date: 2015-10-15
• Subjects: 2-VO 2-vein occlusion -- ANOVA analysis of variance -- BBB blood–brain barrier -- CVST cerebral venous sinus thrombosis -- DPSS Diode Pumped Solid State laser -- HE hematoxylin-eosin -- MCAO middle cerebral artery occlusion -- PFA paraformaldehyde -- SEM standard error of the mean -- SSS superior sagittal sinus -- TCA trichloroacetic acid -- TTC 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride -- VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor; cerebral venous sinus thrombosis -- model -- blood–brain barrier -- edema -- photochemical reaction; Neurochemistry -- Periodicals; Neurophysiology -- Periodicals; Neurology -- Periodicals; Neurochimie -- Périodiques; Neurophysiologie -- Périodiques; Neurochemistry; Neurophysiology; Electronic journals; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 612.8
• DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.08.020
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0306-4522

Abstract

Graphical abstract: Highlights: CVST is a rare and life-threatening disease accounting for 1% of all strokes. There is no suitable animal model for evaluation of CVST for therapeutic purposes. Photothrombosis combined with injection of thrombin was utilized in the study. A sinus-venous thrombotic occlusion model for evaluation of therapies for CVST. The model was verified though investigating its dynamic pathophysiological changes. Abstract: Objective: Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a rare but life-threatening disease and an animal model for in-depth study of CVST is needed. This study aimed to develop a rat model suitable for studying clinically relevant aspects of CVST and investigating its dynamic pathophysiological changes during a 7-day period. Method: A photothrombosis method was used to create a rat sinus-vein thrombosis model. A spot size-adjustable Diode Pumped Solid State laser (DPSS) combined with thrombin injection occluded the rostral and caudal superior sagittal sinus (SSS). The model was used to evaluate pathophysiological changes at different time points over 7 days. Evans Blue dye injection was used to detect alterations in blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Brain water content was also measured. Moreover, we examined changes in brain infarct volume, neurological function, as well as histology after induction of CVST. Result: CVST in rats significantly altered BBB permeability, consistent with the development of brain edema. It was accompanied by an increase in brain infarct volume and deficits in neurological function that began on day 1, peaked on day 2, and typically improved by day 7 due to the neuroprotective effects of angiogenesis and gliocyte proliferation. Conclusion: In this study, we describe a rat model that produces clinically relevant pathophysiology and pathology that will facilitate evaluation of therapeutic regimens for CVST. Furthermore, our results indicate a period of optimal clinical intervention for patients with CVST, which may reduce the probability of dependency and death.