Farming Approaches for Greater Biodiversity, Livelihoods, and Food Security. (January 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Garibaldi, Lucas A.; Gemmill-Herren, Barbara; D'Annolfo, Raffaele; Graeub, Benjamin E.; Cunningham, Saul A.; Breeze, Tom D.
• Is Part Of: Trends in ecology & evolution. Volume 32:Number 1(2017)
• Page Start: 68
• Page End: 80
• Publication Date: 2017-01
• Subjects: agroecology -- conventional intensification -- ecological intensification -- ecosystem services -- externalities -- valuation; Ecology -- Periodicals; Evolution (Biology) -- Periodicals; 576.8
• DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2016.10.001
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0169-5347

Abstract

Abstract : Scientists and policy-makers globally are calling for alternative approaches to conventional intensification of agriculture that enhance ecosystem services provided by biodiversity. The evidence reviewed here suggests that alternative approaches can achieve high crop yields and profits, but the performance of other socioeconomic indicators (as well as long-term trends) is surprisingly poorly documented. Consequently, the implementation of conventional intensification and the discussion of alternative approaches are not based on quantitative evidence of their simultaneous ecological and socioeconomic impacts across the globe. To close this knowledge gap, we propose a participatory assessment framework. Given the impacts of conventional intensification on biodiversity loss and greenhouse gas emissions, such evidence is urgently needed to direct science-policy initiatives, such as the United Nations (UN) 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Trends: Concerns regarding the ecological footprint of conventionally intensified agriculture are global. Alternative, more sustainable farming systems must also perform well in both social and economic terms. The evidence reviewed shows that alternative farming systems can achieve high yields and profits. However, most studies analyze only one dimension of performance, usually the ecological. The study of each dimension belongs to different research fields, each with its own idiosyncrasies and vocabulary. A common experimental and multidimensional framework allows for a participatory assessment of alternative approaches to conventional intensification. Such assessment can support farmers and policy-makers to achieve greater sustainability.